The Nora Eccles Harrison Museum of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Nora Eccles Harrison Museum of Art - Essay Example In addition to that, the particular individual allocated the role is also expected to explain any questions pertaining to the archived materials in the museum. On the contrary, with the incorporation of fascinating art constructed in a surrounding which is resembles a stage, suggests a narrative or metaphorical significance. Notably, the objects in the museum have been arranged in the museum following the criterion of subject. Apparently, fascinating objects have been place together and likewise for other subjects for instance those with metaphorical significance. Evidently, the key criterion in the categorizing of the archived objects is based on the age. Apparently, they are arranged in this manner for convenience purposes. It is important to note that the content in this section are similar based on the theme they champion which is American history. 4. Objects and items from the museum’s permanent collection are displayed in the gallery areas on the lower first floor. Identify three pieces of art each of which is an example of a distinct genre or style. For each painting/object explain what the genre/style is and why the piece fulfills the generic criteria. Three pieces of art with a distinct style include a set of 27 the drawings by Jim Starret collectively known as ‘Fragments of Terror.’ Evidently, the drawings exhibit a cool passion that exudes a vibrant ‘fiery ice.’ In this regard, the drawings exude pattern of rationality that is characteristic of an emotional appeal and mechanical resonance. All the pieces displayed are my favourite and I find it hard to decide on one particular object. However most of the works of art are unique in the manner in which the old ink paint has been blended with the

Race in america Essay Example for Free

Race in america Essay At the turn of the last century, WEB Dubois wrote, â€Å"The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color-line, the relation of the darker to the lighter races of men in Asia and Africa, in America and the islands of the sea. Every study has come to the same conclusion that biologically, there are no races, yet the social construction of race as a category is alive and well today. The classification system, which radicalized different groups typifying them according to their skin color and/or other defining features has a long history. With the advent of colonialism, racism underpinned the different and negative valuations attached to skin color. The racism of today is much more subtle and is no longer the blatant discrimination based on the color or your skin. It exists within the institutions of our society. It is the combination of government, corporate and media institutional racism that is largely responsible for the inequities of today. Unfortunately, these divisions impact the way in which we live our life and how we advance socially. Race has always been a complicated subject and is inevitable. Although we have made tremendous strides to dismantle the foundations of racism, it is clear and evident that racism still persists within the institutions of our society. I believe that America is one of greatest countries on the earth and it is a land of opportunity for everyone. The American dream is alive and well and many people of all races have had tremendous success. With these positives in place, it is no wonder why there have been so many incredible achievements by African Americans in the 21st century to include the obvious the first black president. Over the years there has been much success in trying to dismantle discrimination against different races. By the time the modern civil rights movement arose during the mid-20th century, subjugation had prospered for nearly three hundred years. It was precisely this legalized subjugation that was the major target of the modern civil rights movement. Brown v. Board of Education was decided in 1954; Rosa Parks sat down in a Montgomery bus in 1955; the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom took place in 1963; and in an exhilarating five year period, three federal laws were passed-the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Fair Housing Act of 1968-that taken together established a legal framework for racial justice. Over intense, opposition, the civil rights movement had succeeded, by 1968, in dismantling the legal structure of Jim Crow laws and replacing it with a legal structure designed to ensure equality and dismiss discrimination on all levels. Although these laws were very successful, you will still find racism within the institutions of our society. This â€Å"institutional racism† impacts every aspect of life in the 21st century from schooling to employment. It forms an invisible barrier that is hard to comprehend among all ethnic groups. Racism in our institutions can enter in every part of a persons life and make it extremely difficult to advance socially, financially or politically. What is even worse is that racism does not just affect individuals; it affects entire communities and has an affect African American progress in the 21st century. These divisions in society create a whole cycle. If you don’t get the same job opportunities, you cannot afford the same education as some others, which lead to poor decisions because you don’t know any better. It is not because they are inferior; it is because they do not have the same opportunities because of racial prejudice. Racism is present in government bodies, private business corporations, and universities. Redlining is a clear example of how institutional racism is present in our society. The ability of Banks, mega-corporations, and major financial institutions top pick winners and losers has setup a system of vast inequality between poor black communities and the middle class. Many of these private businesses use redlining to systematically shut minorities out of business opportunities, healthy food choices and banking options. Another example of how we see race in our society today is through college admissions. One of the first things we are asked to fill out in our applications is what race we are. Affirmative action has been created that takes factors such as race, gender, religion, into consideration in order to benefit an unrepresented group in education. This policy has been taken place in order to counter the effects of past discrimination. Although this seems like a good policy to equalize educational opportunity, it can also presents controversies on how different races are treated. For example, Abigail Fisher a white Texan was denied admissions into the University of Texas while less qualified Latinos and African Americans were accepted. University of Michigans college applications you automatically receive 20 points out of 100 if your black. The policies presented in the institutions of our society clearly present how race discrimination is still evident in our society. Because we have been so ingrained with racial differences it is hard to escape, we need to be willing to hold equal values for everyone in order to truly see change. As another major institution in society, the media plays a critical role in racial discrimination. They provide us with definitions about who we are as a nation; they reinforce our values and norms; they give us concrete examples of what happens to those who transgress these norms; and most importantly, they perpetuate certain ways of seeing the world and peoples within that world. Racism has been evident in media for quite some time and has influenced many people. Birth of the Nation by D. W. Griffith was one of the many ways that displayed African Americans as inferior. The film featured two themes in which suggested that the KKK had been responsible for quelling the unrest in the South after the civil war, and that African Americans were the cause of all the problems in the United States. â€Å"Griffith seared images of degraded images into the minds of millions. A whole new generation of consumers of American mass media was fed the same old stereotypes of shape images of African Americans† (Lee Baker). Even as it did back then, the media still plays an important role in reinforcing our thoughts about racial inferiority. Today the Media have divided the working class and stereotyped young African-American males as gangsters or drug dealers. As a result of such treatment, the media have crushed youths prospects for future employment and advancement. The media have focused on the negative aspects of the black community (e. g.engaging in drug use, criminal activity, welfare abuse) while maintaining the cycle of poverty that the elite wants. Because we have been brainwashed by racism in media for so long, it has affected the way we view people today and has created divisions in our society in the 21st century. The 21st Century has brought about many attempted changes in society. There is legislation against discrimination in its many forms. Affirmative action has been used as an attempt to ensure individuals are given equal opportunity for employment, housing, and other types of advancement. Television shows have changed format and characters to seek political correctness. Nevertheless, society cleverly and subtly maintains its separate views of the races. With this the racism in the institutions in our society such as the in the media or education, makes it extremely difficult for certain people to advance in life. There will always be those who will fight for change while others resist, seeking to maintain the status quo. But overall there can still be no improvement unless many individuals work together for equality.

Hostile Takeovers :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Hostile Takeovers A hostile takeover is defined as an acquisition of a firm despite resistance by the target firm’s management and board of directors. This occurs when a stronger business absorbs another company against the target company’s will. Hostile takeovers are most likely to occur when a firm’s stock is undervalued relative to its potential because of poor management. Generally, the managers of the targeted firm are fired. This gives managers a strong incentive to take actions designed to maximize stock prices. How do hostile takeovers impact business, government, and society? Businesses, especially the targeted company, are greatly affected by hostile takeovers. Prior to takeovers, targeted companies are chastised by customers, competitors, and the communities in which they reside because of inadequate management, low or undervalued stock prices, etc. These takeovers are most likely to occur when a firm’s stock is undervalued relative to its potential because of poor leadership of the management team. Because of this, the managers of the targeted firm are generally fired after the merger is complete. The government has been heavily involved with hostile takeovers, as well as horizontal and vertical mergers. The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 was presumably the first real act of government interference regarding takeovers. This act stated the following: ïÆ'Ëœ Section 1: Every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint or trade commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations, is hereby declared to be illegal. ïÆ'Ëœ Section 2: Every person who shall monopolize, or attempt to monopolize, or combine or conspire with any other person or persons, to monopolize any part of the trade or commerce†¦shall be deemed guilty of a felony†¦ The antitrust laws that have followed the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 are as follows: ïÆ'Ëœ Clayton Act of 1914 ïÆ'Ëœ Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 ïÆ'Ëœ Robinson-Patman Act of 1936 ïÆ'Ëœ Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvement Act of 1976 Hostile takeovers can also affect society. People in communities often become mixed up in merger battles when a target firm is a major employer that provides a town’s economic livelihood. If the takeover of a major employer occurs, this could lead to very high unemployment, local business privation, etc. If you think that Kohlbert, Kravis and Roberts spent some cash acquiring RJR Nabisco - $24 Billion – think again.

Disadvantages of Watching TV

We require some kind of etiquate to educate the human beings for watching TV execessively without getting the advantages of the same. We have lost all our old heritage to socialise the environment. Watching TV does not involve the person participation actively. In sub-conscious mind we just go on watching the subject without involving our active mind. We are also loosing the social activites as well as outdoor activities which gives boosting effect on human mind. We should generate awareness among the people about the disadvantage of watching the TV. Although this great invention of science has played major role in human life to give more comfort as well as information human requires for his development but in my view disadvantages has also played vital role to destroy of old age heritage which in fact scientifically proven that outdoor as social activites gives metal and physical satisfaction. As we are well our that our encestors have develop sense of visualizing the events happening at far distant places. This has happend because human has practiced his body in such a that they can see adn visualise the thing before the events take place. But TV may not give this opportunity to develope the human mind. Watching TV has become habbit and some time we do not prefer to visit relatives and friends house and also do not prefer to be visited by them. We would like to generate the awareness in the human being to visulaise this drawback in order to avoid untoward incident to happen in futre and repent on this activity at later date. We must develope and generate a group who can devote the time to make people aware about the outcome of this activity.

Notes for exam question Essay

Chapter 1: social scientist have argued that issues of inequality, poverty and social exclusion cut across both social welfare and crime control domains, and noted that while some responses to these issues may become the focus of social welfare policies, others may become the focus of crime control interventions. Social justice then is neither the exclusive terrain of social welfare nor of crime control. The boundaries between these two domains tend to be mobile and porous. This idea was introduced by arguing that the neat distinction between the goals of social welfare (well being) and the goals of crime control (maintaining social order) break down on closer inspection. Chapter 1 section 4: crime control measures impact adversely on social welfare and produce justice struggles. State withdrawal from the direct provision of welfare services is accompanied by greater attention to antisocial behaviour of younger and poorer groups in society. Social welfare is oriented towards the creation and maintenance of social well-being through the provision of various social supports combating social inequalities by promoting redistribution and social inclusion and countering various social harms such as poverty and discrimination. The domain of crime control is more oriented towards the creation and maintenance of social stability, social order and security by addressing behaviours and activities of those who are perceived to threaten these in some way. Crime control and social welfare policies, there are many examples of entanglement between them. For example, countering antisocial behaviour may be defined as a social welfare matter in that it protects the welfare and well being of some against the disruptions caused by others. This example also raises wider social welfare questions, I.e how can societies support young people and others so that they do not conduct themselves in ways that are viewed as antisocial? The relationship between social welfare and crime control is dynamic meaning it is likely to change over time, and it is contested. Another example of how social welfare and crime control is entangled: protecting children from abuse- a role taken on by both police and social workers, acting in partnership but with rather blurred boundaries between the welfare and crime control functions. The entanglements between welfare and crime control take many different forms. Welfare states in its traditional form is considered by many commentators across the political spectrum to be in need of reform. Social scientists focus on creating social inclusion rather than on providing welfare Ideas about an underclass of marginalised individuals – often black Afro caribbean or Hispanic – have informed policies on crime preventions and crime control in countries such as the USA. Many studies are handing over more responsibility for tackling crime and antisocial behaviour to local communities, who in turn address crime prevention through a mix of welfare and control strategies. As environmental issues become more important in ensuring security and well-being, so attention is turning to new kinds of harm – harms perpetrated not by those traditionally defined as problem populations, often on the margins of society but by the rich and powerful who perpetuate environmental and other kinds of crime. Many struggles for social justice, produced laws that have to be enforced through the institutions of criminal justice. On the other hand, some criminal justice measures including many of those now associated with anti terrorist measures are viewed as producing harms such as internment or the loss of rights for certain population groups. Chapter 1 section 3&6: dissent and protest against social injustice may be the subject or criminalising responses. The darling study for the Joseph row tree foundation shows an increasing inequality of wealth in the uk in the late 20th century when income inequalities grew rapidly. It also shows a greater degree of spatial segregation of wealth and poverty, with local areas increasingly dominated by wealthy or poor residents and a decline in social mixing. Poverty concentrates attention on one segment of society: those living below a certain level of income, or below a certain level of resources. Many studies of poverty tend to focus attention on poor people rather than the wider social structures which generate and reproduce poverty. In the process, then, such studies divert attention from the relationship between wealth and poverty, and the ways in which richer and more powerful groups manage to increase their wealth and hold on to it at the expense of poorer and less powerful groups. Much social investigation into poverty has in practice involved looking at the poorest people to see what was wrong with them, and is based on the assumption that there must be something about them that makes them different from us. In the 19th century, investigators went like intrepid explorers – into the neighbourhoods where the poor lived in order to examine their habits, their ways of life, their culture and most frequently their character. The poor were associated with a range of social dangers from illness, through crime and vice, to the threat of socialism. This emphasis on statistical investigation has had a profound influence on the subsequent development of social research in the uk and how we come to know about and understand the social world. But the investigation and observation of the character and habits of the poor has also had enduring consequences, reflecting a persistent belief that the cause of poverty could be discovered there. 19th century investigations into moral failings of the poor merged into20th century concerns with their dysfunctional family life or their culture of poverty. The idea of a culture of poverty had mutated into a culture of dependency. All of these terms expressed the idea that poor people had habits, attitudes and ways of life that has passed poverty on across generations. Chapter 2 section 2: welfare states are involved in the maintenance of social order and stability by naturalising and normalising social inequalities Chapter 2 sections 2,3&4: welfare states prescribe certain ideas of behaviour. These may stigmatise certain categories of people – in booths study, the poor; and in the 21st century, those who are not gainfully employed or who do not comply with norms of active citizenship. Welfare states also police adherence to norms of good conduct and may punish those who deviate from them. Punishments may range from measures such as the withdrawal of benefits and services to actual criminalisation. Chapter 3 section 3: care – whether provided informally or through welfare states – can involve the abuse, neglect and exploitation of vulnerable people. Some abuses are subject to criminal prosecution. Chapter 3 section 4: treaties, conventions, laws and workers rights are often ineffective in regulating safety and ensuring freedom from harm in the workplace. Trade unions have attempted to limit workplace harms by pursuing rights and legal safeguards, but there power has been weakened. In attempt to avoid legislative action, some companies are now developing voluntary codes of conduct based on the idea of social responsibility. Chapter 4 section 2: problem populations, in problem places – such as the black population of new Orleans – tend to be stigmatised, viewed as a source of harm, crime and social disorder Chapter 4 section 3: some of the case studies show how welfare policies that sought to solve housing problems in the past have had damaging consequences, leading to punitive and criminalising policies in the present. Chapter 5 section 2: global slums are sites of concerns about crime and disorder. They are also sites of emerging understanding about how slums can be a source of progress and development through self help Chapter 5 section 4: transnational institutions concerns with regulating environmental crimes are contrasted with restorative self regulatory and participatory models of development.

How to become an ESL teacher

How to become an ESL teacher With the world getting more diverse, professionals who can help people bridge language and cultural gaps will be in high demand. English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers not only have skills that can help people assimilate into life in a new country, but they can also be cultural ambassadors. If you’re thinking about combining a love of teaching with the practical needs of language learners, it can be a great career path. What does an ESL teacher do?ESL teachers work with people who aren’t native English speakers and help them develop the English language skills they need in order to travel, live in an English-speaking country, or obtain citizenship. Some of these English language learners may have a specific goal in mind (like passing a citizenship test or a standardized test like the TOEFL to study abroad), or may just be learning English for personal reasons.An ESL teacher’s job responsibilities may include:Teaching general English, reading, and writing ski lls or focusing on a specific type of language use (like listening, life skills, literacy, professional English), etc.Developing curriculum to help students in the real worldManaging classroom lessons and activitiesTutoring studentsThe ESL teacher may be employed by a school district, a lifelong learning program (like a community college or other adult learning center), a community organization, or an educational company. Many ESL teachers teach in the U.S., but it’s also possible to teach abroad for students who hope to travel to the U.S. or other English-speaking nations. ESL classrooms can often vary, with students ranging from children to adolescents to adults, from all walks of life. The students may already have varying levels of English-speaking ability as well- from not speaking any English to being fairly proficient (but wanting to refine even further).What skills do ESL teachers need?ESL teachers often need to have an extra level of flexibility and people skills bec ause they’re working with a diverse range of people who may have an array of different needs.Cultural Sensitivity:Â  This is a key quality for an ESL teacher to have. The job inherently requires you to work with people from different backgrounds or nationalities to help them build their English speaking, listening, and writing skills.Language Fluency:Â  This is not always required, but can be very helpful, as it can open up even more job opportunities. Some English language teaching programs do total immersion (where the teacher and students only speak English), but if you are multilingual it can lead to more and different opportunities (like teaching abroad).Teaching Skills:Â  Like any educator, the ESL teacher needs to be able to take complicated concepts and teach them to students in an appropriate and understandable way.Flexibility:Â  This is a must-have skill for any teacher, but is even more essential for an ESL teacher. Students may have a range of learning styles and needs, so finding ways to connect those dots may require a bit of teaching dexterity.Creativity:Â  ESL teachers are teaching skills that have very real practicality in everyday life, so finding ways to work in real world lessons and activities with more abstract concepts like grammar and speaking can help students.Organizational Skills:Â  The ESL classroom is like any other, in that a chaotic atmosphere doesn’t help anyone learn. The teacher should be able to get a handle on the classroom and have set lesson plans and benchmarks in order to keep things running smoothly.Communication Skills:Â  You’ll be teaching communication, so you’ll need to be highly proficient at it yourself.What do you need to become an ESL teacher?ESL teachers usually need a bachelor’s degree at minimum, preferably in an educational field. However, in some cases a bachelor’s degree and English language expertise may be sufficient. Some states require ESL teachers to be licensed as other teachers are licensed, so be sure to check your state’s requirements.How much do ESL teachers make?According to PayScale, ESL teachers make a median salary of $40,632, though this can vary depending on where you’re teaching, what you’re teaching, and whether it’s in the public sector or private sector.What’s the outlook for ESL teachers?The outlook is bright! With more and more people seeking to come to the United States, there will be a consistently growing pool of potential students and programs that cater to them. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that adult literacy and language teachers (a group which includes ESL teachers) will grow by about 7% by 2026, which is faster than average for all careers.If you’re thinking about teaching, and you’re especially interested in working with students on English language skills and literacy, working in the ESL field can be a great specialty. And with people of s o many cultures coming together with a common goal, you’re likely to learn as much from your students as you teach them- a winning situation all around. Good luck!

George Dangerfields view that by the end of 1913, Liberal England was reduced to ashes Essay Example

George Dangerfields view that by the end of 1913, Liberal England was reduced to ashes Essay Example George Dangerfields view that by the end of 1913, Liberal England was reduced to ashes Paper George Dangerfields view that by the end of 1913, Liberal England was reduced to ashes Paper Dangerfield, author of Strange death of Liberal England, sees the years leading to the outbreak of war in 1914 as problematic for the Liberals to say the least. Following their remarkable victory in the 1906 election, the Liberals formed arguably the most brilliant and constructive government of the twentieth century (Adelman, Decline of the Liberal Party 1910-1931). Yet they were plagued with problems throughout the period of 1906 to the outbreak of war. During the pre war period the Liberals faced many problems and their support was badly damaged in the period, highlighted in the 1910 election results. The constitutional crisis, challenges from Labour and with it industrial militancy, Ireland, the Suffragette movement, internal difficulties Asquiths leadership and problems within the cabinet were all problems the Liberals had to face. All these factors contributed to the growing pressure on the shoulders of the Liberal government, Dangerfield takes the view that the Liberal government to all intents and purposes cracked under the pressure and by the end of 1913 all that they had fought so hard to achieve in the latter stages of the nineteenth century had been reduced to ashes and the flame of British Liberalism had been extinguished, never to burn in all its incandescent glory again. : Yet there are many criticisms that are aimed at Dangerfield and his ideas, many believe he overlooked the achievements of the Liberals, the impact of New Liberalism and he made many other misjudgements that make his assessment of the pre war era for the Liberals inaccurate. The problems began early in the Liberal term, as numerous bills the Liberals put forward were rejected by the House of Lords, which were dominated by Conservatives who used the House of Lords as a second strand of opposition to the Liberals. It was in April 1909 with the rejection of the controversial Peoples Budget (it was the first finance bill to be rejected in 200 years) that the situation reached its most problematic stage. The Liberals felt that essential bills were not being introduced because of Conservative prejudice, Lloyd George went as far as to say The House of Lords is not the watchdog of the constitution, it is Mr. Balfours poodle. The defeat of the Budget forced Asquith to dissolve parliament, in the general elections that ensued in 1910, the Liberals majority was seriously cut into; they went from 400 MPs elected in 1906 to 272 in the December election of 1910. The Liberals were only able to remain in power with the support of Labour and the Irish Nationalists. Although the statistics suggest the Liberals were damaged severely by the constitutional crisis of 1909-1911, Dangerfield overlooks their successes that resulted from the crisis. It was a victory as it forced the House of Lords to make considerable concessions and they achieved the reform they wanted in the form of the Parliament Act; The outcome of the Lords crisis was ultimately a victory for the Liberals (Adelman, Decline of the Liberal Party 1910-1931). Following the crisis the Liberals were dependant on Labour and Irish Nationalist support. It was not financially viable for Labour to force another general election as Adelman says it felt itself impelled under these circumstances to keep the Liberals in office, vote for their bills and accept what crumbs they had to offer. In doing this it was clear that the Labour party was being led in a very moderate fashion, which although benefited the Liberals as they needed their support, it created problems for the Liberals as well, in the form of industrial unrest. Workers were becoming increasingly discontented with how they were being represented, and the Labour party made very little effort to work for workers rights, preferring to be the yes men to Asquith and the Liberal government. Essentially their lack of ability to deal with the issues that were supposed to lie at the heart of their party created more problems for the Liberals. The workers were becoming increasingly active in their protest, with the increase in Trade Union membership, and the union between the Social Democratic Party and a number of militant ILP branches of the British Socialist Party, forerunner of the Communist Party of Great Britain. Clearly there had to be something done as more and more strikes were taking place and more militant tactics were being implored. For example in the area of South Wales the Unions actions were especially aggressive and militant due to a large number of syndicalist supporters. The Labour unrest of 1911-1914 seemed a tribute to Syndicalist ideas. The unrest was marked by disputes on railways, docks and mines culminating in the formation of the Triple Alliance of transport workers, miners and railwaymen to coordinate wage demands; evidently matters were being taken into their own hands, and the Liberal wait and see policy was proving ineffective to say the least. The Trade Union challenge raised a large number of issues that the Liberal government failed to deal with, industrial unrest was at its highest ever point. The Liberals remained largely detached from the workers, as did the Labour Party; they left it to the employees themselves to sort out, explaining the more extreme strategies that appeared. The Liberals were in a very difficult position; they did not want to lose the support of the employers, who gave them financial support, by intervening in disputes. They made no real attempt to prevent strikes; instead they acted very harshly when they did by using the army. The whole issue of industrial unrest and workers troubles alienated the Liberal Party from the workers, allowing Socialist societies to spring up all over the country. In essence I see the Labour challenge as less significant as the problems that arose due to the Liberals policy of letting the situation correct itself. The amount of support for Trade Unions and the industrial militancy that plagued the country by the war clearly showed the Liberals were not in control of the situation and can be used as one of the factors to justify Dangerfields view that Liberal England was in ashes by the end of 1913. It could be seen as inevitable that increasing working class consciousness would lead to Labour gaining power, but Dangerfield underestimated the problems facing Labour and also the strength of their challenge as I believe they themselves had lost touch with working class problems; Carl Brand says that by the end of 1914 the Labour Party was dependant upon the Liberals, dissatisfied with its achievements, unsure of its aims, and apparently in decline. In 1912 The Liberal government introduced its Home Rule Bill, partly due to its commitment to the principle of granting Home Rule to Ireland and party due to its dependence on Irish Nationalists. This Bill was ferociously opposed by the Ulster Unionists who Asquith had failed to see how far they would be willing to oppose the Bill and the fact he was unable to see how divisions between Protestants and Catholics had grown. The Ulster Unionists were prepared to go to any lengths to oppose Home Rule, including armed revolts. The Conservatives were also opposed to the Bill, as they had been in 1883 when Gladstone had put forward a similar Bill. Bonar Law said I can imagine no length of resistance to which Ulster will go which I shall not be ready to support. With the two prepared to work coherently against the Liberals, it was clearly at great challenge to the Liberal government, one they duly avoided by adopting a wait and see strategy rather than taking direct action, accentuating the weaknesses of Asquith. Between the time it was introduced (1912) and when it was to become law (1914) tensions became increasingly flared over the issue. These years saw a mounting menace in Ireland (Adelman, Decline of the Liberal Party 1910-1931); private armies sprang up all over the country. The Curragh Mutiny and Larne Gunrunning showed the height the problem had reached and by 1914 Ireland was on the brink of a civil war. With the outbreak of war, the Irish constitutional problem was put to one side. In regards to Dangerfields statement the fact that the problem did effectively go away in 1914 suggests he got the date wrong and underestimated the impact the war had. Although the constitutional problem clearly highlighted the Liberal weakness in not being able to take control of situations and take direct action from preventing militancy; It seemed that the whole character of society was changing as passion and violence replaced the rationalism and consensus that were believed to epitomise Liberal England (Sykes, The Rise and Fall of British Liberalism 1776-1988). This was not only true of the problems in Ireland, but with industrial turbulence and womens suffrage as well. The suffragette movement was coming to the forefront of British politics in the latter part of the nineteenth and early part of the twentieth century, using political means to gain the concessions they desired. Yet it was the fact that the Liberals seemed to side step the issue that led to the suffragettes using more militant means to hopefully achieve their goals, this led to criticisms of the way women were going about their campaign and proved concerns Asquith had over giving women the vote; The most significant achievement of the suffragettes was to sabotage any hopes of winning womens suffrage by 1914 (Burton, respected historian). Yet the situation regarding the suffragettes showed once more how ineffectual the government was, essentially their reaction was one of hypocrisy. How could they claim to be liberal and drive for real social reform, then refute the emancipation and freedom for women to vote? When the WSPUs campaign did turn militant and more reactionary (hunger strikes, slashing works of art, cutting telephone wires to name but a few of their conquests) Asquith and the Liberals took a harsh stand, as they did with industrial strikes, this gave people the impression they were not for social reform and personal freedom at all, but rather they were reinforcing the ideas in a patriarchal society of male dominance that they were supposed to be eradicating, rather than anchoring. Essentially the government were put in an uncompromising situation, either they succumbed to the violent tactics of the suffragettes, that would suggest that violence would be the way forward, or they try and stamp out the issue and are seen as a government who dont stand for social reform at all. Clearly the mounting pressure on the Liberals, were damaging their support base and the party was in decline, but the war halted the suffragette movement as it called for national unity, this again suggests to me Dangerfield is off the mark as he does not consider the impact the war had on problems facing the Liberals. Dangerfield clearly bases his statement that Liberal England was reduced to ashes by 1913 on facts and actual problems that did lead to a decline in Liberal support. Yet he does underestimate the impact the Liberal Party had in their term of office, they did introduce numerous Bills of reform, focusing on National Insurance and Pensions, as well as other state run schemes. Unfortunately the nature of the pre war years seem to accentuate the problems and cast a shadow over the achievements, Dangerfield is a clear critique of Liberal England and what it has to offer, his own political standpoint could be questioned? Personally I see the pre war period as turbulent to say the least, but they remained in government through three elections, passed groundbreaking reforms and were in power when the war began. The impact the war had on British politics was astronomical, it acted as the catalyst for the decline of the Liberals, something Dangerfield appears to ignore in his writings. The war effectively forced the Liberals to implode and split, thus making a future for a Liberal party impossible Suggesting it was the war that extinguished the flame of Liberalism and reduced Liberal England to ashes. In conclusion the Liberals did not have an easy time in government, but fought their battles valiantly, introducing social reform on the way. In the end the jackhammer blows that came with each ensuing challenge or problem toppled the white knight of Liberalism, yet I believe this was not in 1913, but during the war. The Liberals entered the war shaken, but still ready to fight, sending their trusty stead into the face of adversity, only for it to be defeated by internal problems rather than that of external issues, something I find profoundly ironic given the nature of the external turmoil the Liberals faced in the pre war years.

20 Growing Companies That Are Hiring NOW

20 Growing Companies That Are Hiring NOW Do you want to get in on the ground floor of a company that’s likely to leave its mark- whether on an industry or the entire world? Here are 20Â  fantastic companies that are poised to do just that- and, what luck, are hiring right now. 1. AccoladeAccolade is revolutionizing the healthcare industry by improving patient experiences and lowering costs through technology and engagement efforts. The more they grow, the more people they can help. So get in while they’re looking to expand!2. Phoenix EnergyIf you live in NYC or near enough to work there, try this company that provides New Yorkers with sustainable energy management solutions. Their aim is a sustainable energy future, so they’ve got nothing to do but grow. They want to reduce 10 million pounds of CO2 every month. If you’re passionate about sustainability and energy alternatives, look no further.3. OracleThis California based tech company offers comprehensive cloud services, applications, and syste ms.4. AmazonAmazon is a market beast- and only growing larger and more dominant. They’re based in Seattle, but because they’re always growing, they are always hiring.5. DiaCoAround 65% of women in the United States are above size 14. The two women who founded DiaCo thought this massive share of the market was being underserved and decided to do something about it. If you’re passionate about body positivity, self-acceptance, and style, this could be a gig for you.6. SynapseWork with clients all over the world on product development. Synapse has a hands-off management style and an environment that’s open and strives always for innovation.7. SensibillHelp Sensibill change the way people manage their finances by helping to improve mobile banking apps and other services. Every employee here is encouraged to engage not just with their own tasks, but with the larger vision and goals of this growing company.8. BizzaboHelp organizers world-wide to organize success ful events. This company has a very empowering leadership style and a super convivial work environment- and helps people around the globe make a bigger impact with their events.9. OfferUpThis company helps connect local buyers and sellers through a simple app, encouraging peer-to-peer commerce. And they have big plans for expansion.10. GallupConsult with leaders and decision-makers across a wide range of industries by helping them to understand the needs and thoughts of the world’s citizens- right from their office. They empower team members to be the best they can be, so that they can give the best information to their clients and positively impact millions of people around the world.11. NextivaThis company started in 2008 and has been steadily inclining since, all while preserving the start-up ambiance employees there love. They outfit businesses with cloud communications and other tools to help revolutionize business communications.12. Fetch RoboticsThe future is robotics. This company is building the future, one bolt at a time. Get in with this venture-backed Silicon Valley start-up and help revolutionize the way that work is done- all in a laid back, collaborative atmosphere.13. ZapposZappos has over 1,500 employees and is still growing! They aim simply to make online shopping more and more user-friendly. If you like shopping, this could be the gig for you.14. Knot StandardA custom clothing platform with six global showrooms and a web store, this is another company that’s maintaining its start-up mentality through its rapid growth. Employees are quite motivated and feel a part of successes and very much in the loop.15. Area 1 SecurityCyber attacks are a huge threat to business so companies that focus on cybersecurity are in prime position to grow- and rapidly. This one boasts a fast-paced culture and a trusting management style- and these jobs will never run out.16. Beauty CounterThis company is shaking up the beauty industry, and they call themselves a beauty movement. If you’re passionate about high-performing products and health, this could be the company for you.17. Sneak Attack MediaWork in digital promotions and creative services for music and lifestyle brands. This company started in an East Village basement and has grown- and their mission is to keep growing. It’s a pretty cool place to work as well, stocked with healthy snacks and chill music for an awesome vibe.18. LithiumThis company is changing the way customer service works, by creating social platforms to connect customers to each other in communities. Employees are enthusiastic and there’s lots of room to grow.19. Korn FerryThis company is a global advisory form, helping leaders and organizations to harness the full potential of their people. Based in Dallas, TX, they expanded rapidly and are continuing to grow.20. Summit Information ResourcesSummit has growth firmly in mind, for the company and for individual employees. The emphasis is on the team and professional development in general as they work to help businesses build relationships with their customers with quality network, hardware, and server equipment.These are great companies to work for. But in order to be hired, you need to make sure that your resume format is optimized and positions you in a way that gives you an advantage over the competition. Once you do that, you’ll be able to go in and knock their socks off!

Economic Reform Outcomes in China and Russia Literature review - 5

Economic Reform Outcomes in China and Russia - Literature review Example Of all the reforms that took place in the twentieth century, the ones that took place in China and Russia are known to have been the most dramatic. During the first half of the twentieth century, both countries had communist economic systems. However, it was during the latter half of the 29th century that both countries start formulating reforms that were aimed at changing the manner in which their economies functioned. However, a difference in the exact date in which the reforms commenced in both countries existed. In China, the economic reforms commenced in the late 1970s, while in Russia they commenced in the early 1990s.   However, a notable difference exists at the pace in which the reforms were developed and enacted in the two countries (Lin & Tsai 2004, p. 34). In Russia, the market-oriented reforms were developed quickly, and enacted at the same pace, while in China the whole process of bringing the reforms was a little bit gradual. There are a number of factors that can be said to have contributed to the difference in pace at which the economic reforms took place in China and Russia.                                                                                         One of the things that are believed to have contributed to the difference in the pace of the economic reforms between China and Russia is the fact that China was reluctant to adopt foreign technology especially those from the west. At the beginning of the reforms, China mainly depended on the technologies that were locally available. This made it hard for the country to benefit from the technological advancements that were experienced in Europe, especially during the early stages of the reforms. Russia on the other side was willing to adopt new technology from all over the world as long as the technology being adopted was beneficial to the Russian economy in one way or another (Lin, Cai & Li 2009, p. 325). They made sure that their economy was open to new ideas at the early stages of the reforms making it easier for the reforms to have brought the changes that were experienced in their economy in such a short period.

Beyond addiction Pina et al (2011) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Beyond addiction Pina et al (2011) - Assignment Example h it has be considered as the platform of distributing privileges, rewards and status which has in turn brought conflict and division rather than order. This has led to different organizations trying to implement other strategy execution approaches in place on hierarchy (John, 2010). In doing so, however, there are issues involved that may be problematic or advantageous. That said, this paper will discuss the concepts on hierarchy and the possible alternatives in strategy management. There are two major challenges facing hierarchy .The first challenge is the changing nature of competition and workforce. For instance, a fast completive approach would require a quick response that does follow the bureaucracies in hierarchies. This has, therefore, led companies such as Nokia to change its traditional implementation its strategies to involving its employees in decision making (Business Hierarchy, 2013). The other challenge involves vital information about the company known to the periphery level in the hierarchy remaining at that level. This could be as a result of reasons such as not knowing the importance of the information, to avoid control or there being no mechanisms of communicating information. Additionally, to change from hierarchy to other alternatives organization needs to understand the change as a dialectic process and not a liner process. Therefore, this can either be problematic or necessary depending on the point of view of the members of an organization towards the change. From the point of view of the transition process being problematic (Denning, 2010). This challenge has led to organizations opting to experiment other alternatives to hierarchy either fully or partially (Kooten et al, 1986). For instance, organizations are implementing the heterarchy approach, in places of hierarchy approach, which involves balancing power among the members in an organization. This is where a group makes managerial decision but it is not responsible for the

Targeted Media and Audience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Targeted Media and Audience - Essay Example It will contain information that is relevant to the press release’s content such as the five W’s (where, who, why, what, when). This paragraph will simply summarize the press release, and provide a hook that appeal to the audience. Body This part will expand on the hook provided in the lead paragraph. It will employ inverted pyramid strategy where the most relevant information and quotes will be provided in the first paragraphs, and less weighty quotes provided in the subsequent paragraphs (American Institute of Architects, 2008 p56). Company Boilerplate This paragraph will provide brief information about Le Tour de Sandwich, including its activities, short history, products and services. Contact Information Name, Title, Phone, Email. Targeted Media and Audience Targeted Media and Audience The targeted audience for the bicycle tour ranges from ages 10 to 80 years. This means that the market is quite large and a detailed press release is required when targeting these cus tomers. It is necessary to prioritize enthusiastic riders more than any other group because they already have more than two rides, and the likelihood that they will register to participate, in the cycling tour, is high (Guffey, 2007 p83). Pro Tour Riders also set the pace for participants who will prefer riding at some considerable speeds. The other major groups to target are teenagers and the old people. Most of the old people will register and join other riders with the aim of exercising and keeping fit. (Stanton, 2007 p122). It is, therefore, apparent that they will turn out, in large numbers, more than other age groups, and register with British Cycling Association. Teenagers, by being the most active group, will highly be willing to participate, in this event. Therefore, it is important to include activities and refreshments they like, during the cycling event (Stanton, 2007 p123). Other people usually prefer participating, in the cycling event as groups. It is, therefore, nece ssary to mention, in the press release that groups such as schools, church organizations, clubs, and other cycling groups are highly considered, in this event. They can come with their own rides, or they can use the event’s rides. Additionally, there are a number of activities that they can participate in (Heath, 2004 p75). Le Tour de Sandwich press release will target a number of media houses both in and outside France. We will primarily target media stations and individual journalists, editor in chiefs, editors, editorial assistants, staff writers, cycling correspondents, bloggers,

Strategic Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Strategic Marketing - Essay Example ters five forces is that it puts pressure on businesses to improve products, services and the organization itself by implementing new â€Å"methods, technologies, and techniques† to improve quality and to cut costs (Miller 2000, p. 101). In practice we have seen these five forces in action. For example, Japanese automakers have taken the lead from Toyota and entered the Western markets. Likewise, European suppliers like Bosch and Valeo have entered the market in Asia. In another example, shortages in steel and aluminum together with higher prices have put increasing pressure on suppliers with the result that they have decidedly settled for decreased profits (Simon 2009, p. 195). Founder of Boston Consulting Group, Bruce Henderson theorized that competition is natural and in its natural form, competitors must refrain from competing in exactly the same way and the same place and the same time. The fact is, it is the differences between competitors that that give one competitor an advantage over the other or others (Stern and Deimler 2006, p. 4). There is a large variety of competitive elements with an equally large number of variables. These variables include, size, conduct and traits that are not coincidental but entirely â€Å"inevitable† (Stern and Deimler 2006, p. 4). This is natural competitor which exhibits a number of observable patterns including the fact that some competitors will constrain the natural factors of competition and therefore alter it. As a result, the â€Å"frontiers or boundaries of competition parity† will be in a constant state of change (Stern and Deimler 2006, p. 5). As a result of these changes, there will be persistent tensions when competition is equal and little if any tension where there is superior competition. An uneven military conflict serves as an appropriate example. In the application of Stern’s theory, competition drives firms to watch their respective industries and to make changes necessary for creating

Historical perspective on a educational policy memorandum Essay

Historical perspective on a educational policy memorandum - Essay Example This paper tracks the historical perspectives of the school uniforms from the time of inception to the present day. The first uniform policies have roots in England. In the early 13th century, the archbishop in charge of education crafted a universal robe to be worn by students as a simple of identity among students (Anderson, 2002). However, the modern uniforms originated in the 16th century. These policies were initially associated uniforms with the upper class (Brunsma, 2006). For this reason, most of the policies to the uniforms were first in the prestigious schools in England. The policies stipulated for the type of top to wear bottom and even the hat (McCarthy & Moreno, 2001). Because the poor could not afford the uniform description policies provided for what, they were mainly used in private and parochial schools up to the 17th century. In the 1800 however some government boarding schools started using military style uniforms (McCarthy & Moreno, 2001). The government took these children from their families hence, the government saw it fit to give them what could identify them. Therefore, the uniform policies in the US borrows from those in England (McCarthy & Moreno, 2001). At the same time, the uniform policies seemed to have relaxed in the private and parochial schools. Maryland and Washington were the first states to form state policies for uniform in 1987. The policies formed provided for voluntary participation of both public and private schools (Anderson, 2002). The parents supported them as parents show the uniforms to improve the discipline in students and general improvement in learning. In Baltimore the uniform policy formulation was triggered by the1986 shooting in which a student was shot as he could not be identified (McCarthy & Moreno, 2001). With time, many other states followed suit to form policies that regulated the use of uniforms. However started as voluntary, by 1988 over 40 schools

Socrates, Are You Happy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Socrates, Are You Happy - Term Paper Example Human perfection is thus a product of perfection of the intellect. The following paper discusses the just occasion of Socrates’ view that a morally good person is happier than the morally bad person. This will be followed by a personal philosophical worry related to his justification. DISCUSSION Socrates’ view of the relation between virtues and happiness is that good morals are necessary for the fulfillment of life happiness. He believed that an honest, fair, wise and self controlled individual will merit praise and respect from other people thus contributing to achievement of happiness. Portraying virtuous behaviors towards people does not guarantee moral reciprocity. In such a case, Socrates’ view makes one wonder whether nasty responses to virtuous deeds are an aspect of happiness. Consequently, morally potent people have a tendency of leading a life filled with fun and joyous experiences. In this perspective, happiness emanates from the belief that their act ions are for the life betterment and satisfaction. Everything that brings satisfaction is an agent of happiness not unless one is missing out on the different forms of happiness. However, he counters this by suggesting that normal happiness makes one think that they are happy whereas real happiness stems deeply inside the soul. He portends, "The Olympian victor makes you think yourself happy; I make you be happy" (West 36-37). Socrates affirms that true happiness extends beyond external wealth and worldly possessions. He asserts, â€Å"Wealth does not bring about excellence, but excellence makes wealth and everything else pleasurable for men† (West 30). This implies that it is impossible for one to buy perfect happiness through material possessions. Socrates views virtue and soul as a means to a healthy and flourishing after life and the evil tendencies associated with an individual have the ability to destroy the soul leading to future unhappiness. He believes in the existen ce of a higher power that rewards and punishes good and bad deeds in the after life. This rhymes with his affirmation that morally upright individuals will lead a happy life both currently and in the after life. Amid his belief in the existence of the after life, Socrates does not believe in any sacred scripture or religious myths (Leibowitz). The lack of credible proves of the existence such an after life after death compromises the logic that individuals abiding to the moral virtues will experience a happy after life. Does this means that one has to endure painful experiences that may be associated with maintenance of virtuous principles to deny he or herself satisfaction in the current life for an after life? According to Socrates, wisdom is the centrally significant aspect of happiness. He maintained, â€Å"The unexamined life is not worth living† (West, 38). Evil, people lack an aspect of reflection in the way they lead their life thus wasting the capacity of critical th inking that enables one choose between vices and virtues. They only indulge in those activities that please their body without an analysis of the far reaching effects of their actions. Virtues cannot be developed without wisdom implying that virtuous individuals stand a better chance of cultivating long lasting happiness than evil people. Moreover, wisdom is required for an individual to know whether what they are pursuing in their life will

Historical perspective on a educational policy memorandum Essay

Historical perspective on a educational policy memorandum - Essay Example This paper tracks the historical perspectives of the school uniforms from the time of inception to the present day. The first uniform policies have roots in England. In the early 13th century, the archbishop in charge of education crafted a universal robe to be worn by students as a simple of identity among students (Anderson, 2002). However, the modern uniforms originated in the 16th century. These policies were initially associated uniforms with the upper class (Brunsma, 2006). For this reason, most of the policies to the uniforms were first in the prestigious schools in England. The policies stipulated for the type of top to wear bottom and even the hat (McCarthy & Moreno, 2001). Because the poor could not afford the uniform description policies provided for what, they were mainly used in private and parochial schools up to the 17th century. In the 1800 however some government boarding schools started using military style uniforms (McCarthy & Moreno, 2001). The government took these children from their families hence, the government saw it fit to give them what could identify them. Therefore, the uniform policies in the US borrows from those in England (McCarthy & Moreno, 2001). At the same time, the uniform policies seemed to have relaxed in the private and parochial schools. Maryland and Washington were the first states to form state policies for uniform in 1987. The policies formed provided for voluntary participation of both public and private schools (Anderson, 2002). The parents supported them as parents show the uniforms to improve the discipline in students and general improvement in learning. In Baltimore the uniform policy formulation was triggered by the1986 shooting in which a student was shot as he could not be identified (McCarthy & Moreno, 2001). With time, many other states followed suit to form policies that regulated the use of uniforms. However started as voluntary, by 1988 over 40 schools

EDirectory Protocols Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

EDirectory Protocols - Essay Example It is often easy to remember and a meaningful handle for an internet address. Since maintaining a central list of IP address/ domain name correspondence would be impractical, the list of IP addresses and Domain names are distributed in hierarchy of authority within the internet. There may be existence of a DNS server available in a closer geographical proximity to the access provider which maps the domain names in the user’s internet request or directs them to other servers. Because of the distributed and the open design of DNS, and its utilization of the user Datagram protocol, domain name system is vulnerable to different forms of attacks. Public domain name system is often at risk, since they are unable to restrict incoming packets to a set of IP addresses (Weber, 2007). Service location protocol is another edirectory protocol which allows location and organization of resources such as disk drives, printers, databases, schedulers and directories within a network. The protocol gives users a simpler interface to a network’s resource information. The protocol oversees and defines operations and communications that take place among the user agents, directory agents and service agents (Zaki, Ngadi & Razak, 2013). Maintenance of service and rearrangement and installation of new devices is easier without the need for configuring the work stations of an individual. Despite the service location protocol being simple to implement, it fails to specify anything concerning service creation and does not direct the user on how to utilize it. A service advertising protocol (SAP) is an internetwork packet exchange (IPX) protocol component designed to remove and add services in an edirectory system. It allows network services such as gateway servers, prints or files to register information in the tables within the servers. The internet packet exchange services are then broadcasted across a network and sub networks.

Police Officers Discretion Essay Example for Free

Police Officers Discretion Essay Discretion is defined to be an individual’s capabilities and freedom to make responsible preferences and judgments. People working in all fields require making decisions in every day life; however, some need to be more proficient at it. Police officers usually fine themselves in chaotic and critical situations, where their decision can change the entire scenario. The most appropriate decision within the legal boundaries must be made, varying from situation to situation. Discretion is broadly characterized as five different subjects – discretion by judgment (sense of bending rules in legally appropriate ways to fit the situation), discretion as choice (to show courage and give personal contribution to form decisions as the authority in that situation), discretion by discernment (to be diplomatic, tolerant, considerate and cautious and not very generous while making decisions), discretion as liberty (to not be restricted by the law and stretch boundaries of freedom as long as it is acceptable) and lastly discretion as license (basically the permission to act there and then in whichever way thought to be appropriate without the permission of the superiors). There are some police officers who abuse their right of discretion; they believe that they are unaccountable and since they are the authority at the point of chaos, they can do as they will. Having the right of discretion does not mean that an officer can make whatever decisions that they will; they are restricted by professional, society, legal and ethical norms (Sullivan, 1972). The officers these days have just the right capacity of discretion. The only major areas that they use discretion in are domestic violence, drunk driving, mental illness, hate crime, use of force and even vice crime. These are the areas where the personal opinion and judgment of the police officers matters while arresting or giving punishments. In the rest of the important and critical areas such as rape, murder, dacoits and robberies; they have to abide by the law whether they personally approve of it or not. Only easy and fields of everyday crime are left up to the intellect of these officers. Since, there are only some areas where officers are given the right to exercise discretion, it is easy to conclude that the officers are neither given too much or too less of power. Giving them the right to decide is rational because they have been selected as officers and have been given good enough training, which gives them the sense of making correct decisions. These officers make up the entire police force, thus, their opinion should also matter – however, to only some extent. The problems that these police officers face while enforcing laws and giving verdicts is that there are hardly any fields involved in the police forces that are uncontroversial; usually, everybody has a different stance on things. Also, there is a problem is public confidence – the public is too unpredictable to please (Walker, 1993). They desire accountability but nothing seems to satisfy them; also, they wish for strict enforcement in only those areas that they are not related to, that is, they want leverage for themselves but not others. This controversial and unpredictable attitude makes it difficult for the police offers to come up with the right solution that will make everybody happy. I have witnessed one such event myself where differing opinions lead to confusion. A mentally disabled boy of around seventeen became a source of disturbance to other boys playing cricket. One of them was violent and hit the mentally disabled boy out of frustration, who hit the boy back causing him to bleed. Surprisingly, a police car was passing from there at that instant and stopped to check the situation. Everybody demanded that the mentally disabled boy should be punished for his act as he often becomes a cause of nuisance in the neighborhood. The police officer was by nature sympathetic and was of the opinion that the mentally ill boy should be let go of as he is underprivileged and does not possess the ability of making sensible decisions. Here, in this chaotic situation, even when the public was against the officer’s decision, he used his power of discretion and made an appropriate decision according to his judgment instantly. This shows that the right of discretion is extremely important for an officer to deal with everyday situations. Although, if you look closely, it was not a situation where major or critical decisions need to be made; thus, the police officer without any doubts and fear abided by his opinion – this shows limitation of power of discretion to only some areas.

Theory of Automata: Construction of Symbolic Language

Theory of Automata: Construction of Symbolic Language Rubina Naz M Arslan Riaz ABSTRACT: Conventions for translating ordinary language statements into symbolic notation and many of places are use symbolic language for communication. And alphabet is a finite set of discriminatable and irreducible symbols that can be used either as such, or as representations of some other such set for communication. This abstracts and refines the linguistically idea of alphabet where the symbols map to sounds in a most highly contextual way, most especially in English, which because of its multilingual basis is rather unphonetic in a strict sense. The first thing we are going to do is to learn the elements of this new language. The second is to learn to translate ordinary language grammar into symbolic notation. The third thing is to consider arguments in this new language. Table of Contents (Jump to) INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVE OF THE WORK Target Specifications METHODOLOGY SATES FOR AUTOMATA REGULAR LANGUAGE REGULAR EXPRESSION DFA MACHINE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE Inputs with States SATES FOR AUTOMATA REGULAR LANGUAGE REGULAR EXPRESSION TRANSIATION TABLE DFA MACHINE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE BASIC HAND SIGNALS INDICATES THE SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE (contd†¦.) Basic Hand Signals with inputs Inputs with States SATES FOR AUTOMATA REGULAR LANGUAGE REGULAR EXPRESSION TRANSIATION TABLE DFA MACHINE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE BASIC HAND SIGNALS INDICATES THE SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE (contd†¦.) Basic Hand Signals with inputs Inputs with States SATES FOR AUTOMATA REGULAR LANGUAGE REGULAR EXPRESSION TRANSIATION TABLE DFA MACHINE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE BASIC HAND SIGNALS INDICATES THE SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE (contd†¦.) Basic Hand Signals with inputs Inputs with States SATES FOR AUTOMATA REGULAR LANGUAGE REGULAR EXPRESSION TRANSIATION TABLE DFA MACHINE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE FEATURES OF A SYMBOLIC MODEL List of tables (Jump to) Table 1[1]:basic five signals Table 2:Basic Hand Signals with inputs Table 3:Inputs with States Table 4:TRANSIATION TABLE Table 5:BASIC HAND SIGNALS INDICATES THE SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE(cntd†¦.) Table 6:Basic Hand Signals with inputs Table 7:Inputs with States Table 8:TRANSIATION TABLE Table 9:BASIC HAND SIGNALS INDICATES THE SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE (contd†¦.) Table 10:Basic Hand Signals with inputs Table 11:Inputs with States Table 12:TRANSIATION TABLE Table 13:BASIC HAND SIGNALS INDICATES THE SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE (contd†¦.) Table 14:Basic Hand Signals with inputs Table 15:Inputs with States Table 16:TRANSIATION TABLE Table 17:BASIC HAND SIGNALS INDICATES THE SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE (contd†¦.) Table 18:Basic Hand Signals with inputs Table 19:Inputs with States Table 20:TRANSIATION TABLE INTRODUCTION The Symbolic Function of language is the mechanism by which meaning is attached to form. It is the pairing of form and meaning; the symbolic function is a sense-making utility that labels objects (referents) with â€Å"names† that map to a conceptualized meaning. The Communicative Function of language is the means by which parties exchange notions of combined symbols in conventionalized ways to share conceptualizations in a relational way. This includes the ability to alter states of the world, to express internalizations, and to situate meaning in ad hoc frames that draw on world knowledge and encyclopedic knowledge. These two functions interact in a number of ways, actual usage of symbols to communicate being one of those interactions – this may work to explain how idioms form, as the symbols are used in communication to attach meaning to a symbolic construction – entrenched usage normalizing the idiomatic construction into a common unit of communication. Ideally, these tasks would be automated. Symbolic execution is a particularly successful technique for exploring multiple execution paths fully automatically. It has been used to communicate with particular words. The sign language used by the Deaf Community in the UK is called British Sign Language (BSL). manual components, including hand shapes and movements, facial expression and body movements to express meaning, and can be used to express a full range of meaning. What makes the difference issymbolic languagewhich makes significant cultural transmission feasible. But the ideas, the imagination are triggering the century compiled collective knowledge and power in this symbolic language. It was found that at a general level there are many commonalities in thesymbolic languageused in each country. OBJECTIVE OF THE WORK Main objective of this report is how a person can easily communicate and transfer their data or thought without knowing other person. In the report with the help of automata particular engineers can recognized or may only of that person who are involve with them. Target Specifications Valid target languages for model specifications in symbolic language is help to achieve great way of communication and understanding way of talking. The main target is to passing our thought with the help of symbols and transferring our massage easily METHODOLOGY Refers to communication that involves a shared message between the sender and the receiver. Examples of symbolic communication include speech, sign language, writing (print or Braille), picture communication systems, and tactile communication systems. It could be said that everyone employs augmentative communication methods for much of the time. When holding a conversation we contribute to the meaning of the words used in many ways, including facial expression, gesture and body language, or by yawning. These additions can add to the meaning of the words used, or even reverse them completely Symbol systems A variety of symbol systems are in common use. They have generally been developed to suit users and listeners who have difficulty with understanding written language, e.g. people with learning difficulties or young children. Systems can also be combined with individually designed symbols, objects and photographs if required. Table 1[1]:basic five signals Table 2:Basic Hand Signals with inputs Table 3:Inputs with States SATES FOR AUTOMATA Total states are required for making Automata for function and construction of symbolic language which are describing by the alphabets the initiation state is Q0 which are connect to all (a,b,c,d,e)and final Qf is also connect with all The input a indicates the You The input b indicates the Me The input c indicates the Watch or see The input d indicates the Go The input e indicates the I understand REGULAR LANGUAGE L={a,b,c,d,e}* REGULAR EXPRESSION r.e=(ab,ac,ad,a†¦.) Table 4:TRANSIATION TABLE DFA MACHINE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE Table 5:BASIC HAND SIGNALS INDICATES THE SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE(cntd†¦.) Table 6:Basic Hand Signals with inputs Table 7:Inputs with States SATES FOR AUTOMATA Total states are required for making Automata for function and construction of symbolic language which are describing by the alphabets the initiation state is Q0 which are connect to all (f,g,h,i,j)and final Qf is also connect with all The input f indicates the Come The input g indicates the Listen The input h indicates the Hurry The input i indicates the Hold The input j indicates the Column Information REGULAR LANGUAGE L={f,g,h,I,j}* REGULAR EXPRESSION r.e=(ff,fg,fh,fi,fj,gh†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.) Table 8:TRANSIATION TABLE DFA MACHINE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE Table 9:BASIC HAND SIGNALS INDICATES THE SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE (contd†¦.) Table 10:Basic Hand Signals with inputs Table 11:Inputs with States SATES FOR AUTOMATA Total states are required for making Automata for function and construction of symbolic language which are describing by the alphabets the initiation state is Q0 which are connect to all (k,l,m,n,o)and final Qf is also connect with all The input k indicates the Move Up The input l indicates the Hestage The input m indicates the Obstacle The input n indicates the Stop The input o indicates the Rally Point REGULAR LANGUAGE L={k,l,m,n,o}* REGULAR EXPRESSION r.e=(kk,kl,km,kn,ko,lm,ln†¦.) Table 12:TRANSIATION TABLE DFA MACHINE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE Table 13:BASIC HAND SIGNALS INDICATES THE SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE (contd†¦.) Table 14:Basic Hand Signals with inputs Table 15:Inputs with States SATES FOR AUTOMATA Total states are required for making Automata for function and construction of symbolic language which are describing by the alphabets the initiation state is Q0 which are connect to all (p,q,r,s,t)and final Qf is also connect with all The input p indicates the Enemy The input q indicates the Sniper The input r indicates the Pistle The input s indicates the Riffle The input t indicates the Shotgun REGULAR LANGUAGE L={p,q,r,s,t}* REGULAR EXPRESSION r.e=(pp,pq,pr,ps,pt,qr†¦) Table 16:TRANSIATION TABLE DFA MACHINE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE Table 17:BASIC HAND SIGNALS INDICATES THE SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE (contd†¦.) Table 18:Basic Hand Signals with inputs Table 19:Inputs with States SATES FOR AUTOMATA Total states are required for making Automata for function and construction of symbolic language which are describing by the alphabets the initiation state is Q0 which are connect to all (u,v,w)and final Qf is also connect with all The input u indicates the Door The input v indicates the Window The input w indicates the Point to entry REGULAR LANGUAGE L={u,v,w}*

The Charge :: essays research papers

PrologueThis short story is about the impressions of a soldier just before he is thrown into the hell of battle. The date of the battle is of no consequence. These thoughts have no doubt come down through eons of man’s history. From the cave man to the space stations of tomorrow these thoughts will live forever.*****War’s face never changes. Men converge on diametric edges of a field. Whether corn, wheat, or just a meadow blanketed in wild flowers, the arena has never matter. The men on each shoulder of the field necessitated the charge. The leaders have decided the field must be acquired. The question that consistently comes to my mind is why. I have battled numerous times and have never seen victorious armies inhabit the conquered field. Never have I seen advantage made from bloodshed.The only resource needed to make a charge, in battle, is heart. If a man doesn’t have the heart, a charge is not in him. Many say courage is what you need, but that is not so. You can have a Lion’s courage, but if lacking heart, courage will run dry, heart is everlasting.The men around me I know have heart, and for that I thank the All Mighty. I’ll not have to look for them, because they will be right at my side when the time comes. These men have shown their heart in many clashes for me to distrust them now. We have been told that only a few of us will return, but in a charge that is understood. To charge an enemy, you sense from the beginning you will not survive. That isn’t the question which will last after all is done. They will only ask, ‘did he die well’. I can see the sun rising. The time is nearing for us to do our duty. ‘Duty for country, duty for flag, but above all, duty for our comrades’ is the soldier’s motto. The man next to you is your country, flag, and brother.We all know this day is to be a challenge to our friendship. There are times when I think I may turn to cowardice, but then I look at my friends and know that cannot be.I always am, I’ve always been, and I will always be, because humanity needs me. The captain has just called roll and we are all here as we’ve always been.

Antony and Cleopatra is based upon a dualistic vision of experience, the world of Rome pitted against the world of Egypt

Antony and Cleopatra is based upon a dualistic vision of experience, the world of Rome pitted against the world of Egypt. Rome is associated with military glory, honor, and moral duty and this is clearly depicted by the imagery used throughout the play. Through Cleopatra's words in Act 1 Scene1, the audience gets some insight into the Roman way even before Shakespeare introduces it on stage. â€Å"If the scarce bearded Caesar have not sent his powerful mandate to you, ‘Do this, or this; Take in that kingdom and enfranchise that. As she tries to predict the message form Rome, she creates an image of a powerful and commanding Caesar whose sole concern is to ensure the political superiority of the Triumvirate. Shakespeare uses the character of Caesar to represent Rome and therefore creates the idea of a politically-motivated nation. The news from the messenger in Act 1 Scene 2 also supports the political urgency of Rome as it creates images of war and conquest that is occurring back in Rome. He speaks of Fulvia coming into â€Å"the field† and the â€Å"conquering banner† of Labenius, who is an enemy of the Trimuvirate. However, the battle of Actium which occurs after the separation of the Triumvirate is where imagery truly serves to illustrate the military urgency that is associated with Rome as images of ships, sails, swords and battle give the audience a greater understanding of the emphasis they place on war and the preservation of power. This is obvious in Caesar's words as delivers commands for war; â€Å"Strike not by land; keep whole. Provoke not battle till we have done at sea. Caesar's words help to define the Roman vision of experience: militaristic and male, marked by heroic restraint in difficult circumstances, a willed ability to combat one's deepest feelings, a sustained composure when everyone else is falling apart. Egypt, on the other hand, presents a stark contrast to the political world of the Romans. Egypt represents instinctive passion, extravagant love, fertility, and magnanimity. Just as Caesar represents Rome, Cleopatra's character is used to represent Egypt as a whole. The extravagance of Egypt becomes immediately obvious as Cleopatra enters in Act 1 Scene 1. She enters with a flourish of fanfare, a train of female servants and eunuchs fanning her which evokes an image of absolute comfort and relaxation. There is no hint of political concern as she and Antony profess their love to each other in extravagant words which highlight their instinctive passion. This is reflected in Antony's response to Cleopatra's question of the extent of his love; â€Å"Then must thou needs find out new heaven, new earth. † There are also various references to food and drink in Cleopatra's words and these images serve to create a sense of pleasure which is associated with eating. She refers to her ‘salad days' as she speaks of her youth. She also requests â€Å"music and moody food† to quell her anxiety about Antony's return to her. The atmosphere of pleasure in Egypt is emphasized by Antony in Act 1Scene 1 as he expresses his wishes to indulge in the gay abandon and revelry of Cleopatra's kingdom; â€Å"There's not a moment of our lives that should stretch without some pleasure now. † Another important illustration of the contrast between Rome and Egypt is the imagery that depicts the change in Antony's character. Through the observations of other characters in the play, Shakespeare makes obvious the deterioration of Antony's political prowess and power. The description of this decline usually consists of a juxtaposition of imagery of strength and fortitude with that of weakness and submission. The strength of character is associated with the Antony in Rome who held his political duties in high regard. He deteriorates into a â€Å"doting mallard† of Cleopatra in Egypt where it appears that the atmosphere of abandon and relaxation has cast a spell over him, making him forget his duties as one of the most powerful men in the world. He is described as â€Å"The triple pillar of the world transformed into a strumpet's fool. † This creates the image of deterioration for one who held great power. The imagery of strength versus weakness used in Scarus' speech in Act 1 Scene 1 also portrays the decline in Antony; â€Å"His captain's heart which in the scuffles of great fights hath burst the buckles on his breast, reneges all temper and becomes the bellows and the fan to cool a gypsy's lust. † The strength of Antony's character before his indulgence in the pleasure of the East is enforced by the imagery used in Caesar's tribute to Antony in Act 1 Scene 4. He describes Antony with images of strength and resilience' â€Å"at thy heel did famine follow, whom thou fought against,† â€Å"thou didst drink the stale of horses The contrast between Rome and Egypt also highlights the underlying themes of masculine order versus feminine order as well as the role of the woman . In Rome the masculine ethos which, while having room to honour women in certain limited ways, has little place for them in public life, other than as useful political tools or upholders of very masculine ideals or as producers of soldiers. There is little respect for them as is obvious in the imagery used by various Romans to describe Cleopatra. She is described as a lustful gypsy which is an image used to degrade her character. When Octavius thinks of how his sister should enter Rome in a manner fitting her importance, the only images he can reach for which might express his feelings are ones taken from the vocabulary of military triumphs: â€Å"The wife of Antony should have an army for an usher. † It is significant that he can convey his high esteem and strong feelings for her only in images more appropriate to a returning triumphant general. On the other hand, the woman holds a role of utmost importance in Egypt. Cleopatra's position as queen is the primary image of this. Enobarbus' tribute to her also creates an image of her infinite power and freedom as a woman. something entirely at odds with the Roman emphasis on predictable order, law, and consistency. â€Å"Age cannot wither her, nor custom stale her infinite variety. † In Cleopatra's palace, women talk openly about explicit sexuality. They are attended by men and this creates an image of female superiority. They express their sexual feelings, joke about sexual matters, and establish a close female community. The image of the horse in relation to Antony and Cleopatra's sexual encounters is one of few images that used to express sexuality. This highlights the ability of the woman to be open and expressive as opposed to that of Rome who is expected to be reserved and serve their men. Another major theme of the play to which imagery gives great insight is that of the love between Antony and Cleopatra. They profess their love for each other in an exaggerated style, using images of vastness to describe the extent of their feelings. In Act 1 Scene 1 when Cleopatra claims that she will set a limit (bourn) on Antony's love, he responds â€Å"Then must thou needs find out new heaven, new earth. † This trend continues throughout the play. Even in death their love is made evident by the imagery used in their speech. Cleopatra's motivation for suicide is her reunion with Antony in death; â€Å"I am again for Cyndus, to meet Marc Antony. † This creates the image of their first meeting and emphasizes the immortality of their love as she wishes to recreate that moment in the afterlife. Cleopatra herself finalizes this as she says â€Å"I have Immortal longings in me. † Another main focus of the play is politics and the desire for power. This gives rise to ‘worldliness' of the play as the Romans seek to preserve and expand their empire. The political strategies never remain confined to Rome and there is frequent mention of the capture of neighbouring countries The imagery used reinforces the sense of grandeur and the huge scope of the drama.. It is seen from Act 1 Scene 2 when the messenger form Rome describes Labenius conquering lands from Asia, Euphrates, Syria, Lydia and Ionia. There are also frequent images of the sea and the earth in relation to politics which give a sense of vastness and help to highlight the importance of politics and world conquest. This is illustrated by Cleopatra as she describes war as â€Å"the world's great snare. † Some of the political imagery used to describe Antony also helps to reinforce the huge scope of the drama. He is called â€Å"the greatest prince of the world,† â€Å"the demi- Atlas of the world,† and â€Å"the crown o'th'earth. † He is not only a strong leader in Rome but a â€Å"triple pillar of the world† as Rome's empire extends all over the globe. In examining the imagery of love and politics in Antony and Cleopatra, the underlying theme of war versus love cannot be ignored. This is made evident in the imagery in Antony's words as he struggles to find a balance between upholding his political duty and indulging in passion with Cleopatra. A prime example of this is when Antony is about to leave for war in Act 4 Scene 4. As Cleopatra tries to lace his armour he calls her â€Å"the armourer of my heart. † The image of armour gives a sense of impending war but Antony uses it to convey that Cleopatra has captured his heart. This contrasting imagery occurs several other times in the play, even in the same scene when he gives her a â€Å"soldier's kiss. † The juxtaposition of war and love illustrates Antony's conflict of choice between love and duty. It also helps to illustrate how he downplays the importance of war and politics in the face of love. Antony himself acknowledges this as he admits that he lost to Caesar at sea because he trusted Cleopatra's fleet to help him win the battle; â€Å"My sword made weak by my affection. â€Å"

Absent Father

No Love Lost, No Love Found That father and daughter bond, the sweetest love I’ve never known. I’ve seen my father over a thousand times wondering if he’s ever seen me. Looking with his eyes wide shut. It seemed as if over the years he was disappearing, fading into the black. A fragment of what I thought I needed but in all reality became as pointless as the conclusion to book that I’ll never finish My father has managed for eighteen years to be a part of my life without being a part of my life. He lives right around the corner from me in a two story home that’s painted light brown.It looked like s fluffy double stacked pancakes and when the sun hit the satellite dish on the top of the roof it made the top half of the house shine like syrup running off the top. For a while all I knew my father by was this house, I got ideas of what he might be like by looking at this house. I thought of him as a full bodied man because instead of having one front do or he had two. So I thought maybe he couldn’t fit through just one. I imagined him as a strong wide bodied linebacker with a soft side due to the fact that he had a colorful; well-kept garden on the side of the house.The day I met my dad not my father who had raised me but my dad. I truly realized that I was imagining him with my heart and not my mind. He stood as tall as a palm tree sighting beach side, with arms as long as a boardwalk. He never even attempted to say a word to me or ask me how I was doing in school. Instead he pieced me with his beany brown eyes that appeared to be rising off of a yellow back drop. He looked at me as if I had stolen his joy. I reached out to hug him but he reached out his hand for me to shake instead. His fingers felt like ice cycles penetrating my skin.I thought to myself how someone with such a warm appearance could be so cold on the inside. Sad to say, I know this doesn’t sound like the best first impression but over the years as b ad as our first encounter was it was the best one yet. Because from here on out my so called daddy began to look a lot more like George Washington and Andrew Johnson. All I saw of him was the money he sent every month. Even though my dad may have stopped looking at me I kept my eye on him. Like I said earlier he lived right around the corner from me. I could lookout my bedroom window and see directly into his backyard.I would watch his every move like if he were my favorite TV show. He moved very quickly like a fire running through a dry forest. It was like he moved so quickly but looked as if he took his time because he was so smooth with it. All he did was go to work, watch late night re runs of games, and order out. At least that’s all I got from watching through his backyard, trash and sliding glass door. He was so consistent like just as sure as Monday was coming after Sunday. He was very predictable, I felt as if I’d seen enough. I know this may not sound like mu ch but this is all I knew of my father.I haven’t seen or looked for him in three years. I never even knew his name. I named him Randy due to the fact that IM his only child and my name is Brandy. I may have never got to have a full blown out conversation with†Randy† I know we are nothing alike. He is so empty. A cactus in the desert would have more life then he did. I never understood why or how my very own father could be so cold and emotionless towards me. But one thing I learned from my father was to appreciate what I do have and to stop worrying about what I don’t have. So if you were to ask me about my father today I will simply tell you â€Å"Out of sight out of mind. †

Language and Composition Song Of Solomon

Song Of Solomon two significant minor characters BY Glossary In Toni Morrison book Song of Solomon, she Introduces characters that are significant in every situation then finds a way for them to help further develop the plot. The two characters that are the most interesting in the smallest way are First Corinthians and Empire State. These two are involved in very little dialogue and don't appear often in the first three chapters. They aren't faced with difficult challenges or help the main characters, which only questions of their existence.This not only sakes them Important but Interesting while their characteristics are hard to read. First Corinthians, sister of Milkman and Magdalene Dead and daughter of Ruth and Macon Dead is kind of first introduced to us in the first chapter when the author says â€Å"The others, who knew that the house was more prison than palace, and that the Dodge Sedan was for Sunday drives only, felt sorry for Ruth Foster and her dry Daughters and called h er son â€Å"deep. † Reading this makes the author think – what Is wrong with the daughters? Is there something wrong with them or are they Just very observant and say very little?Corinthians isn't really mentioned again until chapter 2 where we get to see her interact with her family. During the car ride the author shows us through dialogue and other suggestive actions that Corinthians might not really like her family. â€Å"And that lawyer- what's his name? † Ruth looked around at Corinthians, who Ignored her. Why would Corinthians Ignore her mother? Did her mother do something wrong to her? In this chapter I think the author is trying to tell us that Corinthians does not really like her mother but likes her father or maybe she does not really like her father Just fears him enough to respect him.This is shown when Toni Morrison writes † She owns that place, Corinthians,† Ruth said. † I don't care what she owns. I care about what she is. Daddy ? † Corinthians leaned toward her father for confirmation. In that little scene one might say Corinthians Is halting at something but what? During the rest of the car ride Corinthians only tries to make conversation with her father. Empire State Is a very minute character in the first three chapters of the book. Even though he says nothing he comes as one who keeps to himself and could be hiding something. He's presented somewhat like a criminal.He is first introduced to us when Milkman goes looking for Guitar. Toni Morrison says â€Å"All but Empire State, who stood, broom In hand and drop-lipped, with the expression of a very Intelligent ten- year-old. † Why does he not argue about the topic with the others? Is it that he does not care? Maybe it's the fact that he is taking in everything that everyone is saying and using to decide what his next move is. He might be a criminal but nobody would ever guess that because he keeps to himself and acts like he's mute. Way tha t would makes them seem quite influential.We can use the dialogue and behavior of the characters to infer that they play a big role in the plot and might actually help the main character out in the end. Corinthians seems like she knows something nobody else knows, her tone is as if she is trying to tell us something. The way Toni Morrison presents her tells us that Milkman is going to need to find out something, something that could help him move on in the story. Empire State is someone that might be hiding who he really is or hiding something very important that could help Milkman sort out his thoughts about his family and the town in general.

Multistate Restraints on Taxing Jurisdiction Essay

Multistate Restraints on Taxing Jurisdiction - Essay Example The nexus should deal with each branch individually according to the income generated (Rigos 20). The taxation issue will not be of a huge effect because flick has achieved a state of the art technology (Rigos 22). This technology assists it in the faster production of lighters and at a cheaper price than the competitors against it (Rigos 25). The Flink’s geared effort to save income taxes of the state, this effort has led it to contribute all the intellectual properties it owns to a subsidiary (Rigos 32). The taxing agency will consider this hence they will not situate the tax at a high level (Rigos 33). The taxing agency should understand that more sales do not imply that the company is earning more money. The taxation agency should be considerate of the money spent by the company (Rigos 35). The rate of income is quite high hence the company’s output rate is remarkably low this means that the tax payment will be of low impact on the company (Rigos 39). The company’s mode of marketing is immensely powerful hence resulting to a lot of income via the sales made (Rigos 39). The company filling of sales will indicate how the company has been progressing to the taxation agency (Rigos 42). This will make the taxation agency decide what to tax this company thus avoiding over taxation. (Rigos 43) The tax must not be a discriminating element against interstate commerce, and the tax must be relatively fair to the states services provided (Rigos 45). The company got introduced to the internet marketing thus boosting the cigarette lighter sale to a tremendous figure (Rigos 46). The company pays the other advertising companies money based on the tax amount that can be a result from each click through to the companies link (Rigos 48). Because the tax is enforceable exaction and not a contribution which is voluntary, the company should pay the dues so as to assist in the generation of the state’s