The Theory Of A Theory Essay - 724 Words

NUDGE THEORY It is a theory that tries to understand how people think, how they make decision, and behave. However, this involves a ‘catalyst’ that helps people inprove their thinking and making decisions. This process is also involved in making people modify their choice of decision towards a more favorable one. Nudge theory is credited mainly to American academics Richard H Thaler and Cass R Sunstein, much of their work was built on the research of Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, those emerged in the 1970s. The name and concept of Nudge or Nudge theory were popularized by the 2008 book, Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness , Kahneman s 2012 book, also a best-seller, Thinking, Fast and Slow contains much of the fundamental theories of the two psychologists which underpins the Thaler-Sunstein Nudge model. The theory is fundamental to changing people’s behavior and this is the pivot point for making decisions from the options available. Concerned with the way choices are presented since it goes a long way in aiding people’s decision making process. It leans on instinct as against irrationality, and believes that people think logically and rationally too. It is suggestive, indirect and avoids direct instructions neither does it subscribe to enforcement. Ben Walker (2013) succinctly puts, â€Å"conventional economics holds that human beings are rational, Darwinian, self-interested beings and will therefore always act in the mostShow MoreRelatedTheories Of Theories And Theories752 Words   |  4 Pages Foundational Theories Throughout the years, we have encountered many great thinker and they have develop numerous great theories and concepts. These theories place emphasis on our personality, behavior, and development. Over the years, they have showing to be very essential due to the fact that they help us have a deeper knowledge on the way we function, our lifestyle and why we behave the way we do. Psychodynamic model Initially, Sigmund FreudRead MoreThe Theory Of Theory And Theory1990 Words   |  8 PagesThis paper will look into the VDL theory otherwise known as LMX theory, apply relevant situations to the leadership theory, and formulate a plan of implementation to exercise future understanding and the concepts to practice ongoing enhanced personal management style. This will be accomplished by exposing key questions and problems and make an analysis of the information from the brief history of LMX theory. Leading into the concept of vertical dyads, in and out-group understandings, initiativesRead MoreTheory And Theory Of Theory1827 Words   |  8 PagesTheory What is theory? According to Garver (2008, p. 65) theory can be nothing more than a hunch, in which case it may lack not only proof but also any reasonable basis in fact or probability, because, theories are too diverse to just be listed under just any single type of rules. Maybe because all of them can carry us somewhere further than what is right underneath our noses and just maybe that in itself is what is really important. Theory will never go away, and it will always involve some formRead MoreThe Theory Or No Theory?1425 Words   |  6 Pages Theory or No Theory? Every discourse, even a poetic or oracular sentence, carries with it a system of rules for producing analogous things and thus an outline of methodology (Derrida 1).There are fields that have authentic theories of understanding information, such as psychology or biology. American Studies, although being an interdisciplinary field, has it’s own set of theories. There are some that feel that due to the nature of American Studies, approaches are not all encompassing for understandingRead MoreTheories And Theories Of Psychoanalytic Theories1720 Words   |  7 Pagesappendix, being able to learn about several theories and having Worthington discuss the conflicts with these theories, What I found is that I agreed with most of the theories and when I read the critique I was able to understand the flaws and how they may not be entirely accurate. This has opened my mind to wanting to explore more about these theories so that I am able to be aware of several theories to possible use as I practice. Worthington discussed theories of psychoanalytic, systems, behavioral,Read MoreSentencing Theories And Theories Of Theories1464 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion 1 Sentencing theories what justify handing down a punishment for committing a crime or wrongdoing. Punishments infliction harm on the offender and therefore this needs to be justified. There are three main categories of sentencing theories, utilitarian theories, retributive theories and hybrid theories. Utilitarian theories follow the idea that the most ethical way to punish is the one which has the most benefit at the least cost. Retributive theories are concerned with the offender gettingRead MoreThe Theory Of A Theory954 Words   |  4 PagesBacharach (1989) defined a theory as, â€Å"a statement of relations among concepts within a set of boundary assumptions and constraints†¦Therefore, the purpose of theoretical statements is twofold: to organize (parsimoniously) and to communicate (clearly)† (pg. 496). Both Wacker (1998) and Gilbert (2010) similarly described theory as a process by which a researcher organizes knowledge and then applies that knowledge to problem sol ving in practice. It is only when a researcher is able to provide solutionsRead MoreTheories Of Theory And Theory Of Play1256 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent theories of play throughout time and many theorists who have supplied us with many reasons to consider their theories to have truth. A theory is an idea that is suggested or presented as possibly true but that is not known or proven to be true (Merriam Webster,nd).In terms of play theories of play are described as important because they are conceptual lenses through which we view play and that directly affect how we respond to children’s play behavior(BeyerBloch,1996). These theories are dividedRead MoreThe Theory Of Theory And Personal Theory2000 Words   |  8 PagesLMX Theory and Personal Gain This paper will look into the VDL theory otherwise known as LMX theory, apply relevant situations to the leadership theory, and formulate a plan of implementation to exercise future understanding and concepts to practice ongoing enhanced personal management style. This will be accomplished by exposing key questions and problems and make an analysis of the information from brief history of LMX theory leading into concept of vertical dyads, in and out-group understandingsRead MoreVygotsky s Theories Theory Theories994 Words   |  4 PagesPSY112 Assignment #1 Devyn Crocker Vygotsky’s Theories Vygotsky’s theories jumped out at me because I thought that this was an interesting topic of choice.I am very interested in learning how children develop, not only in the classroom, but also outside the classroom. I was curious if a scientist believed that nurture is what helps children to learn and develop instead of just being born that way with nature. In my opinion, the way children are raised is the way they learn and develop their attitudes

My Curriculum For Single Parents - 780 Words

My curriculum for single parents will be delivered in person, during a workshop event. I have chosen to do an in person presentation so that I can offer single parents free childcare during the workshop. This will allow the parents to be focused on the presentation versus trying to have the parents be home and watch online, while they are still caring for their children. I want to minimize distractions for single parents so that they can get as much knowledge out of the workshop as possible. Additionally, I want to provide the parents and children a meal during the workshop. This would give the parents a break from their every routine and responsibilities as a single parent. I think that by offering the workshop in person it can bring a small community presence together in the group as well. I would like the workshop to take place weekly in the evening on a Thursday, during dinner hours from 5:30pm – 7:30pm. I would like the workshop to be held in a consistent meeting room, th at has table and chairs set-up so that dinner can served and eaten comfortably at the beginning of the workshop. Furthermore, the meeting room will need an adjacent room where childcare can be offered. I want the childcare room to be at the same site as the workshop, so parents do not have to make an extra driving trip. Moreover, I want the parents to feel comfortable that they are close to their child if they are needed. I would be looking for a building such as a church where I could use both aShow MoreRelatedFamily Life Education : Principles And Practices For Effective Outreach951 Words   |  4 PagesApplying the Appreciate Inquiry to my own life shifts my thinking to focus on the positive. It is almost easier to remember the past and find problems that have happened previously, but taking the time to find positive past experiences creates an optimistic mindset. In my life history, I could use the theme of growth throughout my life. I have had growth from numerous experiences such as overcoming obstacles, learning from my mistakes, relationships, work, and education. My own life story which includesRead MoreThe Use Of Formal Standardized Testing And Norm Reference Assessments Of Young Children859 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the children. They all relate around the family and wanting the family involved. The all have a clear understanding of what an assessment is and how it is to be carried out. They all are curriculum based and feel that it should be age- appropriate. They all link back to goals that link to the curriculum. Last but not least they have similarities when it comes to assessing the programs. Standardize testing The NAECY believe that the use of formal standardized testing and norm-reference assessmentsRead MoreThe Personal Plan Of Action936 Words   |  4 PagesI acquire through my graduate courses and the role as FCIM facilitator. I hope that through hard work and diligence I will receive an assistant principal appointment in the next two years, and ultimately a principalship in the next five years. As a principal, I will be a curriculum leader on my campuses, especially classroom instruction. I will spend a high percent of my time walking the hallways, devoting the majority of my efforts to evaluate, and coaching and supporting my teachers in doing theirRead MoreBest Instructional Practices For Teaching Content Standards964 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough my graduate courses and the role as FCIM facilitator. I hope that through hard work and diligence I will receive an assistant principal appointment in the next two years, and ultimately a principalship in the next five years. As a principal I plan to be the school curriculum leader. The principal has the responsibility of improving student achievement by implementing best instructional practices for teaching content standards. I will stay informed about all things that occur on my campusesRead MoreGraduation Speech On Parent Teacher Conference Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesParent Teacher Conference On October 3 2016, I attended Parent Teacher Conferences. The first five minutes were student led with each student sharing their individual goals they achieved. Next, the cooperating teacher shared with parents their student’s i-Ready diagnostic data collected from the beginning of school. Then, we highlighted two strengths and one area of challenge that the student was experiencing. At the end parents received a skill packet for students to practice letters, numbers, andRead MoreDeveloping A Healthy Environment For Our Student s Academic Growth Essay1344 Words   |  6 Pagesand activities. Advisors and advisees meet regularly for guidance, support, and help with their future plans after middle school and career options for the future. Middle schools also have a curriculum that is challenging and responsive to hold middle schoolers to high expectations but to also have a curriculum that meets their specific needs at their age period. These characteristics provide a school e nvironment that is very beneficial, to meet the needs of the students. It allows students time toRead MoreThe Problems Encountered of Accounting Students1312 Words   |  6 Pages. . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Bibliography Appendices Letter of Request Letter to the Respondents Questionnaire Curriculum Vitae WORKING RELATIONSHIP OF CASUAL EMPLOYEES OF CITY ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES OFFICE IN CAUAYAN CITY HALL ______________ A Research Study Presented to the Faculty of Our Lady of the Pillar College-Cauayan CauayanRead MoreScientific Investigation On Social And Intellectual Characteristics Essay803 Words   |  4 Pagesthey to replicate your scientific investigation? Identify the year level for which the investigation is most appropriate, and the skills and understandings that can be developed by it. Link these with Australian Curriculum: Science content descriptions. If students were to replicate my scientific investigation, they could develop patience as the experiment involves checking it every 15 minutes for an hour. If completing multiple trials, students can develop dedication considering it may take mostRead MoreIndividual Education Plans: Learning Disabilities1070 Words   |  5 Pagesthe things you dream about. She told my parents they needed to put me in an institution in Maryland, where she had already reserved a spot for me.† – Quinn Bradlee, A Different Life Though Quinn’s case may sound extreme, it is not far from what many parents and children face on a daily basis as more and more students are labeled as â€Å"Learning Disabled.† In an era when Autism and Attention Deficit Disorders are being diagnosed in epic proportions, parents, teachers, and medical professionals areRead MoreFamily Structure Affects Students Academic Life878 Words   |  4 Pagesright and wrong is not taught in most families. A college student that has been exposed to negative behavior from either one parent or both is likely to cheat. With so much distraction at home it would be difficult for a student to pay attention to his or her academic work. In â€Å"Too Much Pressure,† Wenke justifies that schools should add moral standards in their curriculum because of the changes in family structure. She writes to say, â€Å"I believe schools were not fulfilling their role and therefore

Collection of Learning Styles Tests and Inventories

Industrial Workers During The Gilded Age - 1588 Words

Similar to the farmers during the Gilded Age, industrial workers combatted poor working conditions, child labor, low wages, and long hours by forming labor unions and organizing strikes, ending as a massive failure. Early in the industrial era, there was no minimum wage, leaving it up to the factory owners to set the rate at which their workers were to be paid. Some owners did not pay their employees in cash but in company scrip which could be redeemed at the company store. For example, in Pullman, Illinois and in Hershey, Pennsylvania, the towns were owned by corporations, the Pullman Palace Car Company and the Hershey Company respectively, so their workers would receive vouchers to spend at the company store instead of hard cash.†¦show more content†¦Initially a fraternal organization providing social events, sporting competitions, and education for working men and their families, the Knights of Labor soon advocated for the creation of cooperatives where members would s erve as worker-owners who have input on the running of factories in hopes of making changes for the better of the working man. The Knights of Labor believed that the â€Å"alarming development and aggression of aggregated wealth, which, unless checked, will inevitably lead to the pauperization and hopeless degradation of the toiling masses† could only be stopped â€Å"through the unification of labor†. The Knights were open to all â€Å"producers† including skilled and unskilled workers and owners as well as women and African-Americans. Bankers, doctors, liquor manufacturers, lawyers, and stockholders were excluded because of their supposed lack in productive contribution to society. The union advocated for a national eight hour workday, the expulsion of Asian workers, the prohibition of immigration from the Far East, and an end to child labor. The Knights worked to make changes for all workers, regardless of affiliation with the group, and opposed strikes and boycotts. As the Knights of Labor began to fade away, another organization arose called the American Federation ofShow MoreRelatedGilded Age Essay872 Words   |  4 Pagestroubles, we shouldnt test people for drugs, we should test them for stupidity, ignorance, greed and love of power.† When Mark Twain and Charles Dudley coined the phrase ‘gilded age’ to describe what they saw in the late 19th century I’m sure they would agree wholeheartedly with Mr. O’Rourke. What does it mean ‘gilded age’? Gilded means to coat with a thin layer of gold, which I’m sure almost always is covering an inferior product. When one thinks of America one of the first thoughts that pop intoRead MoreThe Gilded Age : The Gilded Age1340 Words   |  6 PagesMark Twain, an American writer, named the late 19th century, the ‘Gilded Age.’ This time frame is ‘gilded’ because the time was glittering with gold on the surface, but c orrupt and rotten underneath. This was a time period full of greed and guile, filled with robber barons, speculators, and Buccaneers. Not only that, but there were many sneaky business schemes to get more income, improper politics, and many impolite displays. Although, it’s better to think of this time as modern America’s formativeRead MoreThe Gilded Age By Mark Twain1730 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gilded Age was a period from the late 1800s through the early 1900s. The name of this time period was given by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner in their book The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today which expresses this time using two stories. One of a Tennessee family trying to sell undeveloped land and the other of two upper class businessmen. This book visits the highs and lows of living in this age. Those who are rich and plentiful, and those who are dirt poor. Showing the struggle people wentRead MoreThe Gilded Age At The End Of The 21st Century1372 Words   |  6 PagesThe Gilded Age at the end of the 29th century was a time of booming industrialization, urbanization, and economic growth for the United States but it was also a time of violence and strife for lower classes— as industries expanded and the economy grew, working conditions worsened and only a small percent of Americans reaped the benefits of the industries’ success while the working majority saw little to none of the profit. This unequal distribution of wealth caused the working class to suffer; althoughRead MoreThe Gilded Age Of America1621 Words   |  7 Pageshelp build and maintain a better America. The Gilded Age, during the late 1800’s, was a time in America where we experienced explosive economic growth, serious social problems, new innovative technology, and the rise of corporations and corruption in politics. We have learned from some of these things that we went through in the Gilded Age and fixed them, but we are still facing some of the problems we faced back then, today. During the Gilded Age, America experienced many economic and technologicalRead MoreA Time Of Rapid Industrialization1713 Words   |  7 Pagesrapid industrialization in the United States. The great American author, Mark Twain, dubbed this period the â€Å"Gilded† Age. Gilded items are covered thinly with gold leaf or gold paint, which hides all that is inside. This idea is evident in this time period because America’s golden paint, or industrialization, was hiding all the economic and social problems on the inside. Although the Gilded Age brought along great advances in industrialization, it brought many new problems that were never experiencedRead MoreEssay on American History: The Gilded Age America736 Words   |  3 PagesGilded Age America Throughout the history of the United States, the Gilded Age is regarded as a period that spanned the last three decades of the 19th century. This period starts from the Civil War came to an end in the 1865 up to 1900. The term Gilded Age was formulated by writers Charles Warner and Mark Twain in The Gilded Age: A Tale of Toady in 1873. They did this since they believed it to be an era that would be characterized by a variety of severe social problems that were camouflaged byRead Morereserchpaper817 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States become a mature industrial society in the decades after the civil war? Industrial economy By the 1913 the United States produced one third of the world’s industrial output. The 1880 census showed for the first time that a majority of the work force engaged in non-farming jobs. Worker’s freedom in an industrial age .for a minority of workers, the rapidly expanding industrial system created new forms of freedom. Between 1880 and 1900 an average of 35,000 workers perished each year in factoryRead MoreThe Vibrant and Unpredictable Era of the Gilded Age1050 Words   |  4 PagesThe Gilded Age was one of the most vibrant and unpredictable eras in the history of America. It brought about a new wave of industrial and economic opportunities that allowed some to build massive businesses and fortunes, while other lower and middle class citizens struggled to survive. Some would go as far to say it created a war between the classes across American societies. Giants of industry, such as Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, revolutionized how big business led to t he riseRead MoreA Window into Thinking During The Gilded Age in the Book Looking Backwards by Edward Bellamy1218 Words   |  5 Pagesmovement is gender relations. Women have been elevated from domestic labor to equals of men. They can assume full duties in the industrial army albeit in a manner more suitable for their physique. Also, females have gained a representative in the Presidential cabinet who wields the power to veto on womens affairs and a industrial chief who oversees womens work in the industrial army. With what they have gained economically and politically, they have also gained equally on social matters. Because there

The American Of The French Revolution - 928 Words

Americans have changed many times over the centuries we have been a nation. There have been times when Native Americans were the only ones roaming these lands. There was a time when we didn’t have control over our nation as a whole. There was a time when our nation was at war with itself. We are two time defending World War Champions. Americans are as battle tested as they come and also as diverse as any nation has ever been. Here is where the question being asked rally stems from in my belief. What is an American can be looked at so many different ways depending on what time you look at it. In this piece â€Å"What is an American†, we receive what it means to be an American in the 18th century. At this time there was mass migration from Europe, meaning that no one was truly from America, but that doesn’t there was no true Americans. In the 18th century, France was at war with themselves during the French Revolution. They also were involved in the French and Indian War, which brought many French men overseas to fight for their homeland. This is how the author of â€Å"What is an American†, J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur, ended up in America. Crevecoeur eventually settled when he arrived in America in a pleasant Hudson Valley hearth. After settling, Crevecoeur finds what Europeans all thought to be true, America was different in all kinds of ways from Europe. Europeans in need of change and/or release from what was going on in their native land, saw America as like a fountain ofShow MoreRelatedThe French Revolution And The American Revolution1395 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 29 September 2014 The French Revolution Some do not know what the real cause of the French Revolution was. There are many considerable factors, yet none of them have been pinned down as the true reason (SparkNote Editors). The French Revolution started as a rebellion for equality, but eventually turned out to be more and show the problems throughout the French government. As said before, there is no exact reasoning behind the French Revolution. but there are many possible factorsRead MoreThe French Revolution And The American Revolution1137 Words   |  5 PagesAltogether, the American, French, and Haitian revolutions in some way all made radical changes to varying degrees, however the French revolution was the most radical of the three. The American revolution revolved around American gaining independence from Britain and ensured its citizens’ natural rights. The French revolution involved the strong institution of law focused on Enlightenment ideas. Social reform is what the Haitians’ focus was in changing the governing of its people. The revolutions of eachRead MoreFrench Revolution And The American Revolution Essay1293 Words   |  6 Pagespowerful countries in Europe. This all changed with the French Revolution which began in 1789 (Lefebvre 1). The French Revolution dramatically changed France politically and culturally. I will apply Lawrence Stone’s model to the French Revolution to examine how France’s debt, the unpopularity of the nobles and monarch, and the formation of the National Assembly led to the outbreak of the French Revolution. The preconditions of the French Revolution involve France’s massive debt, their involvement inRead MoreThe French Revolution And The American Revolution1294 Words   |  6 Pagespolitical and social causes of the French Revolution the most important cause was actually economic. A few years before the French’s revolution the French spent approximately 13 billion dollars on the American’s Revolution. This gracious contribution caused trouble at home. I will discuss how conflicts around the world affect one another, give a brief history of the French Revolution, and explain how the revolution was fueled by an economic conflict. The French Revolution was arguably one of the mostRead MoreThe French Revolution And The American Revolution843 Words   |  4 PagesThe French Revolution: The event that led to the transformation of the globe into the world we know it as today. One of the most revolutionary events in human history was started by a group of individuals sitting in the Palace of Versailles who decided that enough was enough and that the only answer to the injustices of the ruling regime was Revolution. These people eventually became known as the National Constituent Assembly, or, colloquially, the National Assembly. Over the course of two yearsRead MoreThe American Revolution And The French Revolution Essay1304 Words   |  6 Pages The American Revolution was of a progressive nature and had a world-historical significance. The American Revolution had several features that distinguish it from the English bourgeois revolution, and the French Revolution. The first feature of the American Revolution is that it occurred in the territory, which actually did not know feudalism as a socio-economic system. The American Society of revolutionary period did not know the hereditary aristocracy, lords and serfs, the state bureaucracy (exceptRead MoreThe French Revolution And The American Revolution1184 Words   |  5 PagesA revolution is not an event that comes around every few years. In fact, for an event to be considered a revolution that event must bring about significant political, social, ideological, religious or even technological change. Throughout history there have been some very noteworthy revolutions such as the Agricultural Revolution, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution. Of all the revolutions in history, it is perhaps the French Revolution that remains the most romanticized in the mindsRead MoreThe American Revolution And The French Revolution1673 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Revolution and the French Revolution marked a change in history for both nations. The American Revolution led to freedom and also their rise to power as their own nation. However the French Revolution marked a change in their government for the worse. Both nations fought to remove the corruption of the monarchy. With the same general idea both nations sought to better themselves. Though both were revolutions one nation really captured what they were fighting for. The war did not officiallyRead MoreThe French Revolution And The American Revolution1051 Words   |  5 Pagesrebirth in French. Revolution- A fundamental change that requires a goal that wants to be achieved, a leader or leaders follower and supporters of the cause. There are many different types of revolutions. Economic Revolution- A fundamental change in how people deal with money and other currency related issues. For example, Europe and many other countries have a different money system. Political Revolution- A fundamental change in the way a government is run. This kind of revolution can lead toRead MoreThe French Revolution And The American Revolution1254 Words   |  6 PagesThe French Revolution was an influential period of social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire. The Revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, experienced violent periods of political turmoil, and finally culminated in a dictatorship by Napoleon that rapidly brought many of its principles to Western Europe and beyond. Inspired by liberal and radical ideas, the

Revenue Management System or Strategy

Question: Discuss about the Revenue Management System or Strategy. Answer: Introduction This report is based on the subject of revenue management. This report is prepared to present a proper revenue management strategy to the General Manager of Novotel Sydney on Darling Harbour for the financial year July 2016 to June 2017. The report has emphasized mainly on four key areas of the business and that areas are market segmentation, competitors analysis, demand forecasting and channel analysis. All of these four areas are related to the revenue earning capacity of the company. At the end of the report, conclusion is derived by considering the overall findings of the study and after that, recommendations are provided for the future revenue management of the company. Revenue management Revenue management refers to the business activity that helps to apply different techniques that predict the behavior of the customers and the future market trend at micro level. Revenue management system helps to maximize the growth of the revenue by optimizing the availability of product or services and price for the same. Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour is one of the well-known hotels that is operating its business successfully in Australia. However, recently, due to the increased competition in the market, the company is trying to improve its business performance by improving its revenue management system in a better manner. The revenue of a business organization is dependent on the market segments in which the organization operates the business. At the same time, revenue is also dependent on the demand and price of the product and services (Novoteldarlingharbour.com.au 2016). Therefore, it order to derive the best strategy for revenue management of Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour, it is important to analyze the market segment, competitor set, future demand and business channels. The analysis of each of these segments is stated below: Analyzing the market segmentation Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour provides its services at 4.5 star level. Presently, the hotel is providing all the possible comfort to its customers. The services of the hotel include car parking, car rental, dry cleaning, laundry service, hotel to airport transport, wireless internet connection, 24-hours room service and others. The management of the organization has segmented the market by three strategies psychographic segmentation, demographic segmentation and geographic segmentation (Novoteldarlingharbour.com.au 2016). Psychographic segmentation: The organization that is Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour has done the psychographic segmentation as per the life style of the people. The company has divided the market into two categories people who prefer to live advanced life-style and people who want to live general life style. The company has segmented the market as per the life style because the hotel business is dependent on the life style of the people. The people, who come under the first group, prefer to avail the services at 5 star, 4 start or 3 star level. However, the second group prefers to choose the hotels that provide the service at 2 star and 1 star level. Between two segments the company has targeted the first segment, means the people, who prefer to live advanced life-style (Novoteldarlingharbour.com.au, 2016). Demographic segmentation: Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour has segmented the market as per the demographic characteristics also. Mainly two factors the company has considered and that are income level of the people and age group of the people. As per the income level, the organization has divided the market into three categories high-level income group, upper middle-level income group and middle-level income group. The management of the company has targeted the first two level income group because the services that the hotel provides to the guests are of high quality and advanced (Masiero, Pan Heo, 2016). Therefore, the management needs to charge high price for the service, which can be availed by high-level income group and upper middle-level income group. On the other side, as per the age, the company has divided the market in to two segments people below 18 years age group and people above 18 years age group. The company has targeted the second age group because that age group i s able to take their own decision regarding the choice of hotels (Aha.org.au, 2016). Geographic segmentation: As per the geographic segmentation, the management of the hotel has segmented the market into three categories Asian market, European market and African market (Solnet, Boztug Dolnicar, 2016). Among all of these three segments, the hotel has given the first priority to the European market because each year maximum number of tourists or guests comes to Sydney from the European country. However, the organization has not ignored the other two segments of the market. In order to manage the revenue of the organization in a better manner, the management has can launch package system (Patiar, 2016). This package system will include different packages for the hotel guests. In order to create different packages, the management needs to consider the needs of each of its target segment. At the same time, the management can set the pricing as per the services available under each package. The possible packages are shown below: Market segments Available services Price European, Asian and African high income group Luxury accommodation, Wilson parking, dry cleaning, hotel to airport or city transport, laundry service, high speed wireless internet service for 24 hours, 24 hours room service, free breakfast, lunch, dinner, Yoga room, current Sydney and international channels, in balance gym, special accessible rooms, 24 hours telephone service, separate smoking zone and outdoor swimming pool. $1200 per night European, Asian and African upper middle-class income group Luxury accommodation, Harris street parking, 24 hours room and telephone service, laundry and dry cleaning service, free breakfast and dinner, 24 hours internet and TV channels, separate smoking zone and transport service to airport. $800 per night European, Asian and African middle-class income group Luxury accommodation, street parking, 24 hours room, telephone and internet service, laundry service, TV channels, free breakfast and different smoking zone. $400 per night Table 1: Proposed packages (Source: Created by author) Analyzing the competitor set There are four hotels, which are considered as the major competitors of Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour. The names of these competitors are Four Seasons Sydney, ADGE Apartment Hotel, The Langham Sydney and The Westin Sydney. All of these competitors are large hotels in Sydney, which are having the service facility at 4 to 5 star level. If the comparison is done between the performance of Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour and its competitors, then it can be said that Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour can improve its pricing strategy to improve its revenue management system. As price is the most important element of revenue management system of the organization, therefore, in order to analyze the revenue management of the competitors, it is very important to analyze their pricing strategy. As per the current pricing strategy at Four Seasons Sydney, the guests or tourists can enjoy the price discount offer for the time span between October to November in each year. At the same time, Four Seasons also provides offers in different packages. The pricing at Four Seasons Sydney is divided in to five packages Sydney Gateway, Advance Purchase, Bed and Breakfast, Romance package and New Years Eve. These five packages are available at different price ranges. In case of Sydney Gateway, the hotel offers 15% off on overall price; in Advance Purchase, 25% price off is available; in case of the Romance Package 2% surcharge is applicable and the rates change as per the availed services. Therefore, the revenue management system of the hotel becomes easier for the managers (Fourseasons.com, 2016). At ADGE Apartment Hotel, the price range varies as per the seasons. In the season between August to November, the hotel offer the services at 50% off. There are no such different packages available at ADGE Apartment Hotel. However, this hotel charge extra price for the reservation service (Adgehotel.com.au, 2016). On the other side, the price at The Langham Sydney varies as per the types of rooms. They offers different types of rooms like, Grand Langham room, Terrace room, Junior suite, Langham suite, The Residence and The Observatory suite. The price range differs as per the choice of rooms. At the same time, The Langham Sydney offers different packages also (Langhamhotels.com, 2016). Apart from these three, the price range at The Westin Sydney also has a specific structure. The price range at The Westin Sydney differs as per the availed service and booking system. If the guests book the hotel room through direct hotel channel, then they do not have to pay for the Wi-Fi facility and water. However, if the people book the hotel room through some different agencies, then they have to pay extra money for Wi-Fi and water (Westinsydney.com, 2016). Therefore, in the above discussion, it can be identified that the major competitors of Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour has applied different pricing strategies in order to manage their revenue in better way. The competitors have managed their revenue by providing different offers and packages, so that the guests or customers feel value for their money. Moreover, maximum competitors of Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour have applied the offer strategy for better revenue management. This particular strategy helps the hotels to attract more customers during the pick seasons like, July to November. Demand forecasting Hotel or Hospitality industry in Australia is the most important sector of the country. Due to the beautiful natural view and wildlife, the country is always at the top choice to the tourists in different countries. Among all of the tourist places in Australia, Sydney is the most popular and currently it is occupying 74.4% of hotel accommodation. However, as per the comment of Baker Magnini (2016), the overall revenue of the industry is declining because of decrease in the demand from tourists and corporate segments. On the contrary, Yang Cai (2016) mentioned that the hospitality industry in Australia has achieved 3.1% annual growth during 2015-2016, which denote the sector is having demand at a satisfactory level. Therefore, from the above information, it can be clearly understood that overall demand in the hotel industry is still at positive point and the revenue growth of the industry is going on. This is good for the organizations, which are operating their business in the Australian Hospitality industry (Ortega Ortega, 2016). The industry data has also disclosed that the hospitality industry in Australia is providing service to 1 million visitors or tourists in each year since 2010 (Tan, 2015). However, Kandampully Zhang Bilgihan (2015) stated that before the financial year 2010, the industry provided service to one and half million people. This is clearly disclosing the fact that the demand has declined. According to Tang, King Kulendran (2015), the main reason behind the declined demand in Australian hotel industry is the global financial crisis. The number of visitors from the corporate segment has declined in last five years. Therefore, the above discussion is indicating that Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour needs to take careful steps to maintain its financial performance. As the demand is declining due to the global financial crisis, the organization needs to take better pricing strategy so that it can attract the corporate segment again. Cox (2015) noted that currently the people in the corporate segment think to save their money for better future. This type of mentality of the people may create barrier for the company in enhancing the number of customers. At the same time, Tan (2015) added that the continuous rise in food price, energy cost and interest rates is de-motivating the people to avail the service of luxurious hotels. Therefore, it can be said that in coming financial years, the company needs to revise its pricing strategy to manage its revenue in better manner. It is expected that in the next financial year, the demand will not decline if Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour start the package system. It can also be expected that the hotel will be able to attract at least 20% of the total visitors in the industry. The demand is expected to be similar like this year. However, the management of the organization needs to take appropriate steps in order to face any uncertain situation. Channel analysis Tourists and the other visitors are the most important element for the better revenue management of a hotel (Weatherford, 2016). Better revenue management denotes better improvement in the revenue volume. The revenue of the organization that is Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour can be improved by using proper channels. The revenue growth of the organization is highly dependent on the channels that it uses for creating awareness among the people regarding its services. Nieves Diaz-Meneses (2016) suggested that in order to increase the revenue, the hotels in Australia must focus on the technological advancement. The use of better technology will help the managements to provide the service within minimum possible time. The adoption of digital marketing is the better way to improve the revenue. Presently, Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour uses the social media and personal websites to promote their new offers and services. The use of social media is very effective in the current situation because most of the people use social media for different purposes (Ng Lien, 2014). Therefore, by using social media, it becomes easier to attract the people. At the same time, the use of social media is less costly for the organization. However, as social media is a very common platform, most of the hotels in Australia and other countries are using this channel for promoting their services. There are many hotels in Sydney, which are using the email strategy for providing personal touch to their existing and prospective customers (Melissen, 2013). However, this type of strategy has not been taken by Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour. On the other side, the use of personal website as the channel of promotion is not effective to attract the customers, who have no idea about the hotel (McManus, 2013). If a person does not know anything about the services of the hotel or the name of the hotel, then it is very difficult to attract the person through websites. Therefore, using the website, Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour cannot attract more customers or in the other words, the hotel cannot increase its revenue more. Therefore, in order to improve the revenue management of Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour, it is very important to use new channels for promotion (Mok, Sparks Kadampully, 2013). As the current market is very competitive and the demand in the industry is declining, it is very essential to use advanced channels for promoting the services. However, at the same time the management of the organization also needs use such a channel that can represent the company to a wide range of customers. In that case, Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour can use television advertisement and sales promotion. With the help of television advertisement, the management of the hotel can reach to a large number of prospective customers. Television advertisement not only helps to attract the young people, but also helps to attract the old people, who are not much accustomed with the use of social media and visiting the companys website. Apart from the television advertisement, the organization that is Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour, can also apply the sales promotion strategy. Sales promotion is such a channel that attracts not only the new customers, but can attract the old customers or guests also. Different offers and discounts help the management to compete in the market and attract the customers of other hotels. However, the offers and discounts must be competitive enough. Conclusion In this report, it has been identified that presently, the demand in the Australian hospitality is in declining trend. After the financial year 2010, the number of visitor in the Australian hospitality industry decreased from one and half million to one million. One of the main reasons behind this declining situation is the global financial crisis. Due to the global financial crisis, the people became more conscious about savings. They are more interested to save their money for future. The number of visitors from corporate segment has decreased tremendously. In case of Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour, the management has segmented the market as per psychographic, demographic and geographic segments. As per the segmentation done by the management of Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour, the hotel has prioritized the European segment than the Asian and African segment. The organization has focused on the age group that is above 18 years and at the same time, the organization has also focused on the higher-class and upper middle-class income group. Apart from that, the report has also identified that there are four major competitors of Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour. The competitors of the organization have applied different pricing strategies to improve their financial performance. However, in order to improve the revenue management, Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour needs to use better channels for promoting its services. Recommendations As per the analysis and discussion done in the report, the following recommendations are made for better revenue management of Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour: Adopt the package pricing system: This is one of the best strategy for better revenue management at Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour. The package pricing system will help the management to control their cost because the company will provide specific services in specific package. Apply new and advanced technology: Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour can apply advanced technology to provide its services within a short time span. This will help the organization to satisfy its customers in better manner, which will ultimately help to enhance the customer base. Use television advertisement and sales promotion: The hotel can use the television advertisement and sales promotion as the channels for promoting the services. These two channels are very effective to attract a large number of customers. Reasonable price range: The management of the hotel needs to keep the price at a reasonable range because due to the global financial crisis, the spending capacity of the people has dropped down and the people are interested to save money. Therefore, to attract the customers Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour needs to keep the price range reasonable. Reference list: Adgehotel.com.au. (2016). Adgehotel.com.au. Retrieved 7 August 2016, from https://adgehotel.com.au/ Aha.org.au. (2016). Australian Hotels Association. Retrieved 7 August 2016, from https://aha.org.au/ Baker, M., Magnini, V. P. (2016). The evolution of services marketing, hospitality marketing and building the constituency model for hospitality marketing.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(8). Cox, C. (2015). Consumer experiences of accommodation deals purchased via social coupon promotions: An Australian perspective.Journal of Hospitality Marketing Management,24(6), 609-632. Fourseasons.com. (2016). Fourseasons.com. Retrieved 7 August 2016, from https://www.fourseasons.com/sydney/ Kandampully, J., Zhang, T., Bilgihan, A. (2015). Customer loyalty: a review and future directions with a special focus on the hospitality industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,27(3), 379-414. Langhamhotels.com. (2016). Langhamhotels.com. Retrieved 7 August 2016, from https://www.langhamhotels.com/ Masiero, L., Pan, B., Heo, C. Y. (2016). Asymmetric preference in hotel room choice and implications on revenue management.International Journal of Hospitality Management,56, 18-27. McManus, L. (2013). Customer accounting and marketing performance measures in the hotel industry: Evidence from Australia.International Journal of Hospitality Management,33, 140-152. Melissen, F. (2013). Sustainable hospitality: a meaningful notion?.Journal of sustainable Tourism,21(6), 810-824. Mok, C., Sparks, B., Kadampully, J. (2013).Service quality management in hospitality, tourism, and leisure. Routledge. Myung, E., McClaren, A., Li, L. (2012). Environmentally related research in scholarly hospitality journals: Current status and future opportunities.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(4), 1264-1275. Ng, E., Lien, C. Y. (2014). Impact of social media in service innovations: An empirical study on the Australian hotel industry.Quality innovation: knowledge, theory, and practices, 390-405. Nieves, J., Diaz-Meneses, G. (2016). Antecedents and outcomes of marketing innovation: an empirical analysis in the hotel industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(8). Novoteldarlingharbour.com.au. (2016). Novoteldarlingharbour.com.au. Retrieved 7 August 2016, from https://www.novoteldarlingharbour.com.au/ Ortega, B., Ortega, B. (2016). Revenue management systems and hotel performance in the economic downturn.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(4), 658-680. Patiar, A. (2016). Costs allocation practices: Evidence of hotels in Australia.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management,26, 1-8. Solnet, D., Boztug, Y., Dolnicar, S. (2016). An untapped gold mine? Exploring the potential of market basket analysis to grow hotel revenue.International Journal of Hospitality Management,56, 119-125. Tan, J. (2015). Impacts of service innovation in the Australian luxury hotel sector.CAUTHE 2015: Rising Tides and Sea Changes: Adaptation and Innovation in Tourism and Hospitality, 726. Tang, C. M. F., King, B. E., Kulendran, N. (2015). Estimating Future Room Occupancy Fluctuations to Optimize Hotel Revenues.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,32(7), 870-885. Weatherford, L. (2016). The history of forecasting models in revenue management.Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management. Westinsydney.com. (2016). The Westin Sydney | Official Website | Best Rates, Guaranteed.. Retrieved 7 August 2016, from https://www.westinsydney.com/ Yang, Z., Cai, J. (2016). Do regional factors matter? Determinants of hotel industry performance in China.Tourism Management,52, 242-253.

Ethical Evaluation of Real Life

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Evaluation of Real Life. Answer: Introduction Ethical concern is very important in order to evaluate any case or incident as the ethical justification can bring the accurate solution to the case or the scenario. In addition to this, among all of the 10 issues about Confronting IT Managers the following issue is chosen: Do employees know the degree to which behavior is monitored?. This report is elaborating about a real life case study that is entirely based on the issue chosen in this report. This news article is The challenges of balancing employee privacy and corporate security in BYOD. In contrast with this fact, this report is mainly focusing on the effective justification for the ethical evaluation of the story. Description of the ethical issues from the view point of all stakeholders According to Campagna (2017), it is clear that corporate data protection and employee privacy both are considered to be a important and effective aspects within the organizational context. There are many organizations that are implementing BYOD within their organization in order to be more productive within the competitive era of technological advancements. In contrast with this case there are mainly two stakeholders involved within this case. These are organization itself and employees working under them. Therefore, the ethical concern from the point of view of both these parties should verify and evaluated in this context. These evaluations are done on this part of the report: Ethical issue from the view point of Employees working under corporate governance: BYOD is nothing but a technical phenomenon that permits the employees working under any organization to bring their mobile as well as smart devices within the organization premises in order to fulfill the professional responsibilities by doing their work (Campagna 2017). In contrast with this fact,, the employees are using the corporate network in order to do their official work that mandates their privacy concern within the organization, which is ethically not correct. Basically theorganization has control over their searches and other private measures that they are doing over the official network in order to fulfill their own needs (Campagna 2017). Therefore, from the ethical point of view the organization is doing unethical steps against the employees. Ethical issues from the point of view of Organization: Every organization has their own set of confidential data and entity sets that harms their organizational structure and future plan if get revealed within the competitive market. In addition to this, in most of the cases, the employees are responsible for making these kinds of leakages of confidential data possible within the organizational premises (Campagna 2017). Therefore, from the point of ethical concern, the security of organization data must be managed on the highest priority. Some set of people involved with the organization generally do these kinds of unethical incidents and for this purpose, the organization has to put check over the searches and other activities over the internet (Campagna 2017). Therefore, there must be some mutual set of regulatory measures that helps both the employees and organization. This article is elaborating about this set of process and methods. Justification for the issue to be resolved with the help of ethical concern rather than legal actions The ethical concern in justifying the effective measures and other responsibilities within an case are very important in order to provide exact responses. Evaluation should be based on the personal and sectoral interest that shows the human nature and other concerned perspectives about the audiences involved within any case (Chell et al. 2016). Evaluators of any story or case should have the professional integrity and also should have to be concerned about the individual or any institution. In addition to this, any justification or evaluation should be based on the sensitive beliefs of each of members involved in case. Cultural, local and social concerns should also be taken into consideration during evaluation of any story or case. In contrast with the definition of ethical evaluation provided above, the evaluation must be done from both the perspective of two stakeholders involved in this story: organization and employees (Parrott 2014). From the point of view of employees, if the legal actions are considered then the employees would get unmotivated over their work culture the net results of their production will be reduced with respect to the competitive market. In addition to this, this action of the organization will not only reduces the employee interests but also makes the system architecture of the organization worst and the ethical issue is not resolved at the end of the scenario (Schaupp and Carter 2016). Whereas, the ethical stages are helpful in solving these issues going on within the organization. In case of the organizational context, in order to make the business process successful and accomplished with certain goals and objectives, every organization obeys some set of rules and regulatory measures. The decision of BYOD involves so many security threats for the organizational data. If the employee takes the legal actions for stopping the use of BYOD within the organization then there may be several growth issues in technical domain. Therefore, legal actions will not be correct for this concern (Turker and Altuntas 2013). The organization as well as the employees should be concerned about their ethical evaluation in this case and find some third way to resolve both the corporate security and employee privacy issues. Ethical obligations of the stakeholders towards each other There are mainly two stakeholders involved in the concerned case related to use of BYOD within the organization. Therefore, the ethical obligation of both the stakeholders should be judged. These ethical obligations are elaborated in this part of the assignment: In contrast with the effective monitoring process of the organization over the employees introduces various ethical obligations within the organization. These are elaborated in this part of the assignment: Privacy concerns: This is the main concern of the employees involved within nay organization and working under BYOD rules and regulatory measures within the organization (Rupp et al. 2015). In addition to this, the employees do not want their personal information to be misused by the organization or they also do not want them to be monitored by the organization. Effective usage of the employee data: In most of cases of BYOD there are chances of misuse of the employee data for the sake of organization (Weiss 2014). In addition to this, the organization may have lack of security measures for which the employees get leaked and also misused by the hackers. There are various cases in which the employees face identity theft for data theft. Ethical obligation of the organization Organization is also playing an important role in this case study of corporate and employee privacy within the organization. The organization also has several ethical obligations over the employees in order to claim their concern over the security breaches and other security measures. These are elaborated in this part of the report: Privacy of organizational data: The employees are responsible for the data theft involved in the organization work structure. In addition to this, BYOD permits the user for accessing all technical as well as confidential data over the organizational network (Set-Pamies and Papaoikonomou 2015). The employee devices allow the devices to get connected to the external network of the organization this causes the leakage of confidential data over organizational network. Concern for private data: The organization must show concern for the effective and important organizational databases. In addition to this, the organization monitors the employee activities involved within the system architecture of the organization (Bond 2015). This aspect harms the privacy rights of the employees within the organization. Guidance of the Australian Computer Societys Code of Ethics The Australian Computer Societys Code of Ethics provides a set of specific rules or regulatory measures for guiding the organization as well as employees in maintaining their privacy concerns within the organizational premises. This guidance is elaborated in this part of the report: The Primacy of the Public Interest: The organization as well as the employee involved within the organization should consider the public interests while evaluating their work culture (Acs.org.au 2017). If this aspect is checked before every step then the unethical incidents will be reduced. The Enhancement of Quality of Life: The enhancement of quality of life is important in order to mandate the situation as well as the unethical concerns developing within the organization culture (Acs.org.au 2017). The organization as well as employees of the organization should obey the effective moral concerns before taking any actions against each other. Honesty: The employees as well as the organization should maintain honest bonding between each other in order to provide an effective structure within the organization and among the employees while dealing with organizational and personal data of employees. Professional Development: The professional development concerns are very important to consider the organizational growth (Acs.org.au 2017). There must be a mutual option that can be used for managing both employee and organizational privacy. BYOD is important to consider effective organizational growth within the organization. Professionalism: Professionalism can be introduced within the system architecture of the organization in order to incorporate effective solution to the issues of organization as well as employee (Acs.org.au 2017). This rule will be helpful to employee and organization in order to grab effective solution in reducing ethical issues within the organization. Conclusion This can be concluded that the ethical evaluation or justification for resolving any issues are the best possible way to mandate the negative aspects involved within the issues. The concept of ethical evaluation does not harm any character involved into the case as well as this evaluation gives the ultimate results to the responsible heads. In contrast with this real life case on the chosen topic about confronting IT managers it is clear that any organizational authority should not have control over the privacy issues involved within any story or case. In addition to this, this story is elaborating that some of the organization is finding a mutual way to maintain the organizational as well as individual privacy within the organization. therefore, this aspect is ethical justified and no stakeholders will be harmed with this decision making. References Acs.org.au 2017.Acs.org.au. Retrieved 18 January 2017, from https://www.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/acs-documents/Code-of-Ethics.pdf Bond, T., 2015.Standards and ethics for counselling in action. Sage. Campagna, R. 2017.The challenges of balancing employee privacy and corporate security in BYOD. [online] Enterprise Apps Tech News. Available at: https://www.appstechnews.com/news/2016/apr/20/challenges-balancing-employee-privacy-and-corporate-security-byod/ [Accessed 18 Jan. 2017]. Chell, E., Spence, L.J., Perrini, F. and Harris, J.D., 2016. Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: does social equal ethical?.Journal of Business Ethics,133(4), pp.619-625. 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