Revenue Management System or Strategy

Question: Discuss about the Revenue Management System or Strategy. Answer: Introduction This report is based on the subject of revenue management. This report is prepared to present a proper revenue management strategy to the General Manager of Novotel Sydney on Darling Harbour for the financial year July 2016 to June 2017. The report has emphasized mainly on four key areas of the business and that areas are market segmentation, competitors analysis, demand forecasting and channel analysis. All of these four areas are related to the revenue earning capacity of the company. At the end of the report, conclusion is derived by considering the overall findings of the study and after that, recommendations are provided for the future revenue management of the company. Revenue management Revenue management refers to the business activity that helps to apply different techniques that predict the behavior of the customers and the future market trend at micro level. Revenue management system helps to maximize the growth of the revenue by optimizing the availability of product or services and price for the same. Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour is one of the well-known hotels that is operating its business successfully in Australia. However, recently, due to the increased competition in the market, the company is trying to improve its business performance by improving its revenue management system in a better manner. The revenue of a business organization is dependent on the market segments in which the organization operates the business. At the same time, revenue is also dependent on the demand and price of the product and services (Novoteldarlingharbour.com.au 2016). Therefore, it order to derive the best strategy for revenue management of Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour, it is important to analyze the market segment, competitor set, future demand and business channels. The analysis of each of these segments is stated below: Analyzing the market segmentation Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour provides its services at 4.5 star level. Presently, the hotel is providing all the possible comfort to its customers. The services of the hotel include car parking, car rental, dry cleaning, laundry service, hotel to airport transport, wireless internet connection, 24-hours room service and others. The management of the organization has segmented the market by three strategies psychographic segmentation, demographic segmentation and geographic segmentation (Novoteldarlingharbour.com.au 2016). Psychographic segmentation: The organization that is Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour has done the psychographic segmentation as per the life style of the people. The company has divided the market into two categories people who prefer to live advanced life-style and people who want to live general life style. The company has segmented the market as per the life style because the hotel business is dependent on the life style of the people. The people, who come under the first group, prefer to avail the services at 5 star, 4 start or 3 star level. However, the second group prefers to choose the hotels that provide the service at 2 star and 1 star level. Between two segments the company has targeted the first segment, means the people, who prefer to live advanced life-style (Novoteldarlingharbour.com.au, 2016). Demographic segmentation: Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour has segmented the market as per the demographic characteristics also. Mainly two factors the company has considered and that are income level of the people and age group of the people. As per the income level, the organization has divided the market into three categories high-level income group, upper middle-level income group and middle-level income group. The management of the company has targeted the first two level income group because the services that the hotel provides to the guests are of high quality and advanced (Masiero, Pan Heo, 2016). Therefore, the management needs to charge high price for the service, which can be availed by high-level income group and upper middle-level income group. On the other side, as per the age, the company has divided the market in to two segments people below 18 years age group and people above 18 years age group. The company has targeted the second age group because that age group i s able to take their own decision regarding the choice of hotels (Aha.org.au, 2016). Geographic segmentation: As per the geographic segmentation, the management of the hotel has segmented the market into three categories Asian market, European market and African market (Solnet, Boztug Dolnicar, 2016). Among all of these three segments, the hotel has given the first priority to the European market because each year maximum number of tourists or guests comes to Sydney from the European country. However, the organization has not ignored the other two segments of the market. In order to manage the revenue of the organization in a better manner, the management has can launch package system (Patiar, 2016). This package system will include different packages for the hotel guests. In order to create different packages, the management needs to consider the needs of each of its target segment. At the same time, the management can set the pricing as per the services available under each package. The possible packages are shown below: Market segments Available services Price European, Asian and African high income group Luxury accommodation, Wilson parking, dry cleaning, hotel to airport or city transport, laundry service, high speed wireless internet service for 24 hours, 24 hours room service, free breakfast, lunch, dinner, Yoga room, current Sydney and international channels, in balance gym, special accessible rooms, 24 hours telephone service, separate smoking zone and outdoor swimming pool. $1200 per night European, Asian and African upper middle-class income group Luxury accommodation, Harris street parking, 24 hours room and telephone service, laundry and dry cleaning service, free breakfast and dinner, 24 hours internet and TV channels, separate smoking zone and transport service to airport. $800 per night European, Asian and African middle-class income group Luxury accommodation, street parking, 24 hours room, telephone and internet service, laundry service, TV channels, free breakfast and different smoking zone. $400 per night Table 1: Proposed packages (Source: Created by author) Analyzing the competitor set There are four hotels, which are considered as the major competitors of Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour. The names of these competitors are Four Seasons Sydney, ADGE Apartment Hotel, The Langham Sydney and The Westin Sydney. All of these competitors are large hotels in Sydney, which are having the service facility at 4 to 5 star level. If the comparison is done between the performance of Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour and its competitors, then it can be said that Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour can improve its pricing strategy to improve its revenue management system. As price is the most important element of revenue management system of the organization, therefore, in order to analyze the revenue management of the competitors, it is very important to analyze their pricing strategy. As per the current pricing strategy at Four Seasons Sydney, the guests or tourists can enjoy the price discount offer for the time span between October to November in each year. At the same time, Four Seasons also provides offers in different packages. The pricing at Four Seasons Sydney is divided in to five packages Sydney Gateway, Advance Purchase, Bed and Breakfast, Romance package and New Years Eve. These five packages are available at different price ranges. In case of Sydney Gateway, the hotel offers 15% off on overall price; in Advance Purchase, 25% price off is available; in case of the Romance Package 2% surcharge is applicable and the rates change as per the availed services. Therefore, the revenue management system of the hotel becomes easier for the managers (Fourseasons.com, 2016). At ADGE Apartment Hotel, the price range varies as per the seasons. In the season between August to November, the hotel offer the services at 50% off. There are no such different packages available at ADGE Apartment Hotel. However, this hotel charge extra price for the reservation service (Adgehotel.com.au, 2016). On the other side, the price at The Langham Sydney varies as per the types of rooms. They offers different types of rooms like, Grand Langham room, Terrace room, Junior suite, Langham suite, The Residence and The Observatory suite. The price range differs as per the choice of rooms. At the same time, The Langham Sydney offers different packages also (Langhamhotels.com, 2016). Apart from these three, the price range at The Westin Sydney also has a specific structure. The price range at The Westin Sydney differs as per the availed service and booking system. If the guests book the hotel room through direct hotel channel, then they do not have to pay for the Wi-Fi facility and water. However, if the people book the hotel room through some different agencies, then they have to pay extra money for Wi-Fi and water (Westinsydney.com, 2016). Therefore, in the above discussion, it can be identified that the major competitors of Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour has applied different pricing strategies in order to manage their revenue in better way. The competitors have managed their revenue by providing different offers and packages, so that the guests or customers feel value for their money. Moreover, maximum competitors of Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour have applied the offer strategy for better revenue management. This particular strategy helps the hotels to attract more customers during the pick seasons like, July to November. Demand forecasting Hotel or Hospitality industry in Australia is the most important sector of the country. Due to the beautiful natural view and wildlife, the country is always at the top choice to the tourists in different countries. Among all of the tourist places in Australia, Sydney is the most popular and currently it is occupying 74.4% of hotel accommodation. However, as per the comment of Baker Magnini (2016), the overall revenue of the industry is declining because of decrease in the demand from tourists and corporate segments. On the contrary, Yang Cai (2016) mentioned that the hospitality industry in Australia has achieved 3.1% annual growth during 2015-2016, which denote the sector is having demand at a satisfactory level. Therefore, from the above information, it can be clearly understood that overall demand in the hotel industry is still at positive point and the revenue growth of the industry is going on. This is good for the organizations, which are operating their business in the Australian Hospitality industry (Ortega Ortega, 2016). The industry data has also disclosed that the hospitality industry in Australia is providing service to 1 million visitors or tourists in each year since 2010 (Tan, 2015). However, Kandampully Zhang Bilgihan (2015) stated that before the financial year 2010, the industry provided service to one and half million people. This is clearly disclosing the fact that the demand has declined. According to Tang, King Kulendran (2015), the main reason behind the declined demand in Australian hotel industry is the global financial crisis. The number of visitors from the corporate segment has declined in last five years. Therefore, the above discussion is indicating that Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour needs to take careful steps to maintain its financial performance. As the demand is declining due to the global financial crisis, the organization needs to take better pricing strategy so that it can attract the corporate segment again. Cox (2015) noted that currently the people in the corporate segment think to save their money for better future. This type of mentality of the people may create barrier for the company in enhancing the number of customers. At the same time, Tan (2015) added that the continuous rise in food price, energy cost and interest rates is de-motivating the people to avail the service of luxurious hotels. Therefore, it can be said that in coming financial years, the company needs to revise its pricing strategy to manage its revenue in better manner. It is expected that in the next financial year, the demand will not decline if Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour start the package system. It can also be expected that the hotel will be able to attract at least 20% of the total visitors in the industry. The demand is expected to be similar like this year. However, the management of the organization needs to take appropriate steps in order to face any uncertain situation. Channel analysis Tourists and the other visitors are the most important element for the better revenue management of a hotel (Weatherford, 2016). Better revenue management denotes better improvement in the revenue volume. The revenue of the organization that is Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour can be improved by using proper channels. The revenue growth of the organization is highly dependent on the channels that it uses for creating awareness among the people regarding its services. Nieves Diaz-Meneses (2016) suggested that in order to increase the revenue, the hotels in Australia must focus on the technological advancement. The use of better technology will help the managements to provide the service within minimum possible time. The adoption of digital marketing is the better way to improve the revenue. Presently, Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour uses the social media and personal websites to promote their new offers and services. The use of social media is very effective in the current situation because most of the people use social media for different purposes (Ng Lien, 2014). Therefore, by using social media, it becomes easier to attract the people. At the same time, the use of social media is less costly for the organization. However, as social media is a very common platform, most of the hotels in Australia and other countries are using this channel for promoting their services. There are many hotels in Sydney, which are using the email strategy for providing personal touch to their existing and prospective customers (Melissen, 2013). However, this type of strategy has not been taken by Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour. On the other side, the use of personal website as the channel of promotion is not effective to attract the customers, who have no idea about the hotel (McManus, 2013). If a person does not know anything about the services of the hotel or the name of the hotel, then it is very difficult to attract the person through websites. Therefore, using the website, Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour cannot attract more customers or in the other words, the hotel cannot increase its revenue more. Therefore, in order to improve the revenue management of Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour, it is very important to use new channels for promotion (Mok, Sparks Kadampully, 2013). As the current market is very competitive and the demand in the industry is declining, it is very essential to use advanced channels for promoting the services. However, at the same time the management of the organization also needs use such a channel that can represent the company to a wide range of customers. In that case, Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour can use television advertisement and sales promotion. With the help of television advertisement, the management of the hotel can reach to a large number of prospective customers. Television advertisement not only helps to attract the young people, but also helps to attract the old people, who are not much accustomed with the use of social media and visiting the companys website. Apart from the television advertisement, the organization that is Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour, can also apply the sales promotion strategy. Sales promotion is such a channel that attracts not only the new customers, but can attract the old customers or guests also. Different offers and discounts help the management to compete in the market and attract the customers of other hotels. However, the offers and discounts must be competitive enough. Conclusion In this report, it has been identified that presently, the demand in the Australian hospitality is in declining trend. After the financial year 2010, the number of visitor in the Australian hospitality industry decreased from one and half million to one million. One of the main reasons behind this declining situation is the global financial crisis. Due to the global financial crisis, the people became more conscious about savings. They are more interested to save their money for future. The number of visitors from corporate segment has decreased tremendously. In case of Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour, the management has segmented the market as per psychographic, demographic and geographic segments. As per the segmentation done by the management of Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour, the hotel has prioritized the European segment than the Asian and African segment. The organization has focused on the age group that is above 18 years and at the same time, the organization has also focused on the higher-class and upper middle-class income group. Apart from that, the report has also identified that there are four major competitors of Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour. The competitors of the organization have applied different pricing strategies to improve their financial performance. However, in order to improve the revenue management, Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour needs to use better channels for promoting its services. Recommendations As per the analysis and discussion done in the report, the following recommendations are made for better revenue management of Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour: Adopt the package pricing system: This is one of the best strategy for better revenue management at Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour. The package pricing system will help the management to control their cost because the company will provide specific services in specific package. Apply new and advanced technology: Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour can apply advanced technology to provide its services within a short time span. This will help the organization to satisfy its customers in better manner, which will ultimately help to enhance the customer base. Use television advertisement and sales promotion: The hotel can use the television advertisement and sales promotion as the channels for promoting the services. These two channels are very effective to attract a large number of customers. Reasonable price range: The management of the hotel needs to keep the price at a reasonable range because due to the global financial crisis, the spending capacity of the people has dropped down and the people are interested to save money. Therefore, to attract the customers Novotel Sydney Darling Harbour needs to keep the price range reasonable. Reference list: Adgehotel.com.au. (2016). Adgehotel.com.au. Retrieved 7 August 2016, from https://adgehotel.com.au/ Aha.org.au. (2016). Australian Hotels Association. Retrieved 7 August 2016, from https://aha.org.au/ Baker, M., Magnini, V. P. (2016). The evolution of services marketing, hospitality marketing and building the constituency model for hospitality marketing.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(8). Cox, C. (2015). Consumer experiences of accommodation deals purchased via social coupon promotions: An Australian perspective.Journal of Hospitality Marketing Management,24(6), 609-632. Fourseasons.com. (2016). Fourseasons.com. Retrieved 7 August 2016, from https://www.fourseasons.com/sydney/ Kandampully, J., Zhang, T., Bilgihan, A. (2015). Customer loyalty: a review and future directions with a special focus on the hospitality industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,27(3), 379-414. Langhamhotels.com. (2016). Langhamhotels.com. Retrieved 7 August 2016, from https://www.langhamhotels.com/ Masiero, L., Pan, B., Heo, C. Y. (2016). Asymmetric preference in hotel room choice and implications on revenue management.International Journal of Hospitality Management,56, 18-27. McManus, L. (2013). Customer accounting and marketing performance measures in the hotel industry: Evidence from Australia.International Journal of Hospitality Management,33, 140-152. Melissen, F. (2013). Sustainable hospitality: a meaningful notion?.Journal of sustainable Tourism,21(6), 810-824. Mok, C., Sparks, B., Kadampully, J. (2013).Service quality management in hospitality, tourism, and leisure. Routledge. Myung, E., McClaren, A., Li, L. (2012). Environmentally related research in scholarly hospitality journals: Current status and future opportunities.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(4), 1264-1275. Ng, E., Lien, C. Y. (2014). Impact of social media in service innovations: An empirical study on the Australian hotel industry.Quality innovation: knowledge, theory, and practices, 390-405. Nieves, J., Diaz-Meneses, G. (2016). Antecedents and outcomes of marketing innovation: an empirical analysis in the hotel industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(8). Novoteldarlingharbour.com.au. (2016). Novoteldarlingharbour.com.au. Retrieved 7 August 2016, from https://www.novoteldarlingharbour.com.au/ Ortega, B., Ortega, B. (2016). Revenue management systems and hotel performance in the economic downturn.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(4), 658-680. Patiar, A. (2016). Costs allocation practices: Evidence of hotels in Australia.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management,26, 1-8. Solnet, D., Boztug, Y., Dolnicar, S. (2016). An untapped gold mine? Exploring the potential of market basket analysis to grow hotel revenue.International Journal of Hospitality Management,56, 119-125. Tan, J. (2015). Impacts of service innovation in the Australian luxury hotel sector.CAUTHE 2015: Rising Tides and Sea Changes: Adaptation and Innovation in Tourism and Hospitality, 726. Tang, C. M. F., King, B. E., Kulendran, N. (2015). Estimating Future Room Occupancy Fluctuations to Optimize Hotel Revenues.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,32(7), 870-885. Weatherford, L. (2016). The history of forecasting models in revenue management.Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management. Westinsydney.com. (2016). The Westin Sydney | Official Website | Best Rates, Guaranteed.. Retrieved 7 August 2016, from https://www.westinsydney.com/ Yang, Z., Cai, J. (2016). Do regional factors matter? Determinants of hotel industry performance in China.Tourism Management,52, 242-253.

Ethical Evaluation of Real Life

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Evaluation of Real Life. Answer: Introduction Ethical concern is very important in order to evaluate any case or incident as the ethical justification can bring the accurate solution to the case or the scenario. In addition to this, among all of the 10 issues about Confronting IT Managers the following issue is chosen: Do employees know the degree to which behavior is monitored?. This report is elaborating about a real life case study that is entirely based on the issue chosen in this report. This news article is The challenges of balancing employee privacy and corporate security in BYOD. In contrast with this fact, this report is mainly focusing on the effective justification for the ethical evaluation of the story. Description of the ethical issues from the view point of all stakeholders According to Campagna (2017), it is clear that corporate data protection and employee privacy both are considered to be a important and effective aspects within the organizational context. There are many organizations that are implementing BYOD within their organization in order to be more productive within the competitive era of technological advancements. In contrast with this case there are mainly two stakeholders involved within this case. These are organization itself and employees working under them. Therefore, the ethical concern from the point of view of both these parties should verify and evaluated in this context. These evaluations are done on this part of the report: Ethical issue from the view point of Employees working under corporate governance: BYOD is nothing but a technical phenomenon that permits the employees working under any organization to bring their mobile as well as smart devices within the organization premises in order to fulfill the professional responsibilities by doing their work (Campagna 2017). In contrast with this fact,, the employees are using the corporate network in order to do their official work that mandates their privacy concern within the organization, which is ethically not correct. Basically theorganization has control over their searches and other private measures that they are doing over the official network in order to fulfill their own needs (Campagna 2017). Therefore, from the ethical point of view the organization is doing unethical steps against the employees. Ethical issues from the point of view of Organization: Every organization has their own set of confidential data and entity sets that harms their organizational structure and future plan if get revealed within the competitive market. In addition to this, in most of the cases, the employees are responsible for making these kinds of leakages of confidential data possible within the organizational premises (Campagna 2017). Therefore, from the point of ethical concern, the security of organization data must be managed on the highest priority. Some set of people involved with the organization generally do these kinds of unethical incidents and for this purpose, the organization has to put check over the searches and other activities over the internet (Campagna 2017). Therefore, there must be some mutual set of regulatory measures that helps both the employees and organization. This article is elaborating about this set of process and methods. Justification for the issue to be resolved with the help of ethical concern rather than legal actions The ethical concern in justifying the effective measures and other responsibilities within an case are very important in order to provide exact responses. Evaluation should be based on the personal and sectoral interest that shows the human nature and other concerned perspectives about the audiences involved within any case (Chell et al. 2016). Evaluators of any story or case should have the professional integrity and also should have to be concerned about the individual or any institution. In addition to this, any justification or evaluation should be based on the sensitive beliefs of each of members involved in case. Cultural, local and social concerns should also be taken into consideration during evaluation of any story or case. In contrast with the definition of ethical evaluation provided above, the evaluation must be done from both the perspective of two stakeholders involved in this story: organization and employees (Parrott 2014). From the point of view of employees, if the legal actions are considered then the employees would get unmotivated over their work culture the net results of their production will be reduced with respect to the competitive market. In addition to this, this action of the organization will not only reduces the employee interests but also makes the system architecture of the organization worst and the ethical issue is not resolved at the end of the scenario (Schaupp and Carter 2016). Whereas, the ethical stages are helpful in solving these issues going on within the organization. In case of the organizational context, in order to make the business process successful and accomplished with certain goals and objectives, every organization obeys some set of rules and regulatory measures. The decision of BYOD involves so many security threats for the organizational data. If the employee takes the legal actions for stopping the use of BYOD within the organization then there may be several growth issues in technical domain. Therefore, legal actions will not be correct for this concern (Turker and Altuntas 2013). The organization as well as the employees should be concerned about their ethical evaluation in this case and find some third way to resolve both the corporate security and employee privacy issues. Ethical obligations of the stakeholders towards each other There are mainly two stakeholders involved in the concerned case related to use of BYOD within the organization. Therefore, the ethical obligation of both the stakeholders should be judged. These ethical obligations are elaborated in this part of the assignment: In contrast with the effective monitoring process of the organization over the employees introduces various ethical obligations within the organization. These are elaborated in this part of the assignment: Privacy concerns: This is the main concern of the employees involved within nay organization and working under BYOD rules and regulatory measures within the organization (Rupp et al. 2015). In addition to this, the employees do not want their personal information to be misused by the organization or they also do not want them to be monitored by the organization. Effective usage of the employee data: In most of cases of BYOD there are chances of misuse of the employee data for the sake of organization (Weiss 2014). In addition to this, the organization may have lack of security measures for which the employees get leaked and also misused by the hackers. There are various cases in which the employees face identity theft for data theft. Ethical obligation of the organization Organization is also playing an important role in this case study of corporate and employee privacy within the organization. The organization also has several ethical obligations over the employees in order to claim their concern over the security breaches and other security measures. These are elaborated in this part of the report: Privacy of organizational data: The employees are responsible for the data theft involved in the organization work structure. In addition to this, BYOD permits the user for accessing all technical as well as confidential data over the organizational network (Set-Pamies and Papaoikonomou 2015). The employee devices allow the devices to get connected to the external network of the organization this causes the leakage of confidential data over organizational network. Concern for private data: The organization must show concern for the effective and important organizational databases. In addition to this, the organization monitors the employee activities involved within the system architecture of the organization (Bond 2015). This aspect harms the privacy rights of the employees within the organization. Guidance of the Australian Computer Societys Code of Ethics The Australian Computer Societys Code of Ethics provides a set of specific rules or regulatory measures for guiding the organization as well as employees in maintaining their privacy concerns within the organizational premises. This guidance is elaborated in this part of the report: The Primacy of the Public Interest: The organization as well as the employee involved within the organization should consider the public interests while evaluating their work culture (Acs.org.au 2017). If this aspect is checked before every step then the unethical incidents will be reduced. The Enhancement of Quality of Life: The enhancement of quality of life is important in order to mandate the situation as well as the unethical concerns developing within the organization culture (Acs.org.au 2017). The organization as well as employees of the organization should obey the effective moral concerns before taking any actions against each other. Honesty: The employees as well as the organization should maintain honest bonding between each other in order to provide an effective structure within the organization and among the employees while dealing with organizational and personal data of employees. Professional Development: The professional development concerns are very important to consider the organizational growth (Acs.org.au 2017). There must be a mutual option that can be used for managing both employee and organizational privacy. BYOD is important to consider effective organizational growth within the organization. Professionalism: Professionalism can be introduced within the system architecture of the organization in order to incorporate effective solution to the issues of organization as well as employee (Acs.org.au 2017). This rule will be helpful to employee and organization in order to grab effective solution in reducing ethical issues within the organization. Conclusion This can be concluded that the ethical evaluation or justification for resolving any issues are the best possible way to mandate the negative aspects involved within the issues. The concept of ethical evaluation does not harm any character involved into the case as well as this evaluation gives the ultimate results to the responsible heads. In contrast with this real life case on the chosen topic about confronting IT managers it is clear that any organizational authority should not have control over the privacy issues involved within any story or case. In addition to this, this story is elaborating that some of the organization is finding a mutual way to maintain the organizational as well as individual privacy within the organization. therefore, this aspect is ethical justified and no stakeholders will be harmed with this decision making. References Acs.org.au 2017.Acs.org.au. Retrieved 18 January 2017, from https://www.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/acs-documents/Code-of-Ethics.pdf Bond, T., 2015.Standards and ethics for counselling in action. Sage. Campagna, R. 2017.The challenges of balancing employee privacy and corporate security in BYOD. [online] Enterprise Apps Tech News. Available at: https://www.appstechnews.com/news/2016/apr/20/challenges-balancing-employee-privacy-and-corporate-security-byod/ [Accessed 18 Jan. 2017]. Chell, E., Spence, L.J., Perrini, F. and Harris, J.D., 2016. Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: does social equal ethical?.Journal of Business Ethics,133(4), pp.619-625. Hartman, L.P., DesJardins, J.R. and MacDonald, C., 2014.Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. McGraw-Hill. Koljatic, M. and Silva, M., 2015. Do Business Schools Influence Students Awareness of Social Issues? Evidence from Two of Chiles Leading MBA Programs.Journal of Business Ethics,131(3), pp.595-604. Marres, N. and Weltevrede, E., 2013. Scraping the social? Issues in live social research.Journal of Cultural Economy,6(3), pp.313-335. Parrott, L., 2014.Values and ethics in social work practice. Learning Matters. Peters, R.S., 2015.Ethics and Education (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Rupp, D.E., Wright, P.M., Aryee, S. and Luo, Y., 2015. Organizational justice, behavioral ethics, and corporate social responsibility: Finally the three shall merge.Management and Organization Review,11(01), pp.15-24. Schaupp, L.C. and Carter, L., 2016. Ethics and Social Networking: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Evaluating Online Information Disclosure.International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering (IJSSOE),6(2), pp.1-28. Set-Pamies, D. and Papaoikonomou, E., 2015. A multi-level perspective for the integration of ethics, corporate social responsibility and sustainability (ECSRS) in management education.Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-16. Turker, D. and Altuntas, C., 2013. Ethics of social responsibility to indirect stakeholders: a strategic perspective.International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics,8(2), pp.137-154. Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Earth Without Water Essay Samples

Earth Without Water Essay SamplesEarth without water essay samples are the best way to go if you are preparing for this topic. These types of essays are relatively easy to write, and there are essay topics that anyone can use. If you don't know where to start looking for essay samples, you will be in for a big surprise!The essay is also a very challenging subject. You must think about things carefully in order to be successful. This is why we recommend you read a lot about the topic, especially the history and why it is important.First, you need to make a list of things that you have to do, and then spend your time resources on doing those things. Then look at the different uses of water. You will need to look at the use of water on the planet Earth.On the first of the term life on earth, make sure that you consider everything that humans have created or discovered to help us survive and flourish. Look for examples and if you are able to find the truth, then you will have accomplishe d your goal. Of course, if you find something wrong, you can always do a little research about it. In the end, you can find out that you were wrong about something.You will also want to look at the essay because it is one of the best ways to have fun. Essays can be extremely fun. You can include lots of different subjects that will help you get the message across. One thing to remember is that you don't have to use any essay topics that have already been used in a class. The point of the essay is to do something different, so do your research and find the best essay samples available to you.Essay topics are unique and interesting, and you will get a lot of creative freedom when writing about something as important as the Earth without water. Once you are done with writing, just go back and re-read it. You may find some small mistakes that you forgot to check off, and in the end you may find that you were really inspired by the topic, and write an essay about it.A good essay, especia lly about this topic, is one that is based on facts and figures. It has to be logical and put into a perspective that makes it worth reading.Earth without water essay samples are designed to help you find the perfect topic. They will help you find out how to write a great essay, and you should look into them before you forget what essay is all about. You should be able to use the essay to improve your grades, and you will have fun writing about it!

THE WESTWARD EXPANSION Introduction The Westward E Essay Example For Students

THE WESTWARD EXPANSION Introduction The Westward E Essay xpansion has often been regarded as the central theme of American history, down to the end of the19th century and as the main factor in the shaping of American history. As Frederick Jackson Turner says, the greatest force or influence in shaping American democracy and society had been that there was so much free land in America and this profoundly affected American society. Motives After the revolution, the winning of independence opened up the Western country and was hence followed by a steady flow of settlers to the Mississippi valley. By 1840, 10 new western states had been added to the Federal union. The frontier line ran through Iowa, Missouri and Arkansas on the western side of the river. We will write a custom essay on THE WESTWARD EXPANSION Introduction The Westward E specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now All parts of the valley except Wisconsin and Minnesota were well populated. Thus a whole new section had been colonized with lasting effects on the American institutions, ideals and ways of living. The far west was the land of high mountains, deserts, strange rock formations, brilliant colors and immense distance. Fur trade with Europe had now become a lucrative business and the fur traders became the pathfinders for the settlers. Migration was now possible by the discovery of paths over which ox-driven carts could be driven through seeking mountains and across the western desert. People wanted to move away from the overcrowded cities and this led to the migration into the uninhabited lands. Increased transportation like roads, railroads and canals and their construction created a demand for cheap labor making it easier for people to get jobs now, in contrast with the cities where there was unemployment. The pioneer movement for 70 years after the revolution roughly represented the form of 3 parallel streams, flowing westwards from New England, Virginia and South Carolina. The first pioneer groups tended to move directly westward. Thus the new Englanders migrated into western New York and along the shores of the great lakes, Virginians into Kentucky and then into Missouri and the South Carolinians and Georgians into the gulf territories. Throughout the settlement of the Mississippi valley, most pioneers did not travel long distances and as a territory had been occupied, families would move into the adjacent one. There were boom periods of great activity, during which million acres of land were sold, alternated with depression periods during which there was little furthe r expansion of the frontier and many disappointed pioneers even backtracked from the west to the east. When the treaty of Paris was signed in 1783, the Americans had thought that they had enough land between the Atlantic coast and the Mississippi river. Yet in 1803, by the Louisiana Purchase, the area of the United States doubled and not long after, it was augmented by the half-purchase-half-conquest of Florida. By the end of 1820, as many as 6 states were created, east of Mississippi-Indiana (1816), Mississippi (1817), Alabama (1819), Maine (1820) and Missouri (1821). By the 1830s, the frontier line had been carried to Iowa, Missouri and Arkansas-about one-third of the way across the continent. By the 1840s, the expansionist policy, typified by the Manifest Destiny doctrine, became very strong with many sections willing to go to war to acquire more land. Slavery became a bone of contention between the Northern and southern states with the control of the senate in question. The South wanted expansion to increase slave states, the North to keep the balance with free states and the West wanting expansion to increase their land. The antagonism between the North and the South sees the beginnings of sectionalism leading to the civil war later. The spirit of equality becomes a banner with which the expansionist policy was proclaimed. Phases Of Development Before the 1830s, most sections of the west passed through the same phases of development in a regular order. The first white men to usually enter a new area were the hunters and fur trappers, who had extraordinary skills to open up a new path through wilderness, finding food for themselves and dealing with the Indians. These men explored the country and brought news of its resources back to the east. .udf8d0c45f02e17631087e78d402b4c6f , .udf8d0c45f02e17631087e78d402b4c6f .postImageUrl , .udf8d0c45f02e17631087e78d402b4c6f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udf8d0c45f02e17631087e78d402b4c6f , .udf8d0c45f02e17631087e78d402b4c6f:hover , .udf8d0c45f02e17631087e78d402b4c6f:visited , .udf8d0c45f02e17631087e78d402b4c6f:active { border:0!important; } .udf8d0c45f02e17631087e78d402b4c6f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udf8d0c45f02e17631087e78d402b4c6f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udf8d0c45f02e17631087e78d402b4c6f:active , .udf8d0c45f02e17631087e78d402b4c6f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udf8d0c45f02e17631087e78d402b4c6f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udf8d0c45f02e17631087e78d402b4c6f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udf8d0c45f02e17631087e78d402b4c6f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udf8d0c45f02e17631087e78d402b4c6f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udf8d0c45f02e17631087e78d402b4c6f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udf8d0c45f02e17631087e78d402b4c6f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udf8d0c45f02e17631087e78d402b4c6f .udf8d0c45f02e17631087e78d402b4c6f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udf8d0c45f02e17631087e78d402b4c6f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Womens Slavery Essay In many regions, the second phase was cattle ranching while some also passed .

History of Easter Bunny in Canada

History of Easter Bunny in Canada Introduction Easter bunnies are very common in Canada during Easter. As the parents celebrate the resurrection of Jesus Christ, children enjoy the Easter bunny gifts, â€Å"egg search,† and â€Å"egg roll† games during Easter (New moon rabbit rescue 2012). However, it is not clear if people know the exact meaning of all the actions that take place during the Easter celebrations in Canada.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of Easter Bunny in Canada specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper will give a thorough exploration of the Easter bunny in Canada. It will give the symbolic meanings of the bunny and its eggs, and the historic aspect of all the actions that occur during Easter celebrations in Canada. History of the Easter bunny Easter bunny is pre-Christian folklore that involved rabbits and hares. The two animals were associated with eggs that are fertility symbols. Ancient Canadians related Easter bunnies to a goddess of spring and fertility. Therefore, Easter bunnies played a significant role in the rebirth of spring in April. It is clear that rabbits do not lay eggs; however, the Canadian folklore had an unusual notion that rabbits could lay eggs that had a symbolic meaning and hide the eggs in the gardens. The colored eggs coincided with the blooming flowers during spring. Canadians associated the hares that could reproduce without losing their virginity with the Virgin Mary who conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit. The shape of an eggshell resembles a stone of a tomb. Therefore, the fact that a bird hatches from an egg with life is similar to the resurrection of Jesus from the tomb. Jesus’ resurrection is a clear indication that there is eternal life for true believers. In 325 A.D., Emperor Constantine ordered that Christians must celebrate Easter between 22 March and 25 April of every year, and the Canadians adopted the culture. The first egg- laying rabbit emerged during the 1700s, and the Catholics were engrossed with the colored eggs. At the commencement of the Ash Wednesday, eggs were forbidden. Canadian Catholics could not take eggs during the Fast Lenten period. After fasting for the 40 days before Easter, the Catholics ought to take a heavy breakfast. During this period, the Catholics thought it would be wise to eat the colored eggs in addition to other energy giving meals that would provide them with the liveliness to celebrate for the whole day.Advertising Looking for research paper on canada? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Traditional believes about the Easter bunny Just as Santa Claus judges whether children are good or bad during Christmas, the Easter bunny evaluates the obedience levels of children during Easter. According to the legend, the bunny carries colored eggs, candies, and toys in a basket and rewards obedient children in the night b efore Easter. In Canada, the Easter bunny folklore plays a great role in reshaping the character traits of notorious children. The parents threaten the children that the Easter Bunny would punish them if they do not change their ill characters. Good mannered children anticipate receiving chocolate bunnies and buddies during Easter. Diligent Canadian parents always promise Easter bunny treats to children who have extemporary performance in schools, which brings the motivation to work hard. The Easter bunny Canadians recognize rabbits and hares as the Easter bunnies. Rabbits and hares are related, but the hares have long hind legs and small ears. Rabbits are some of the animals with the highest reproduction capacity; therefore, they symbolize the reproductive spring season (â€Å"Holidays,† 2014). Spring is a season associated with the rebirth of vegetation, which survives until it is withered by the strong summer rays. In ancient days, a Canadian who bumped into a rabbitâ€⠄¢s foot would have high sexual potency, good luck, and financial prosperity. The Easter bunny was the main egg supplier in the ancient days. To catch the attention of the Easter bunnies, children would build attractive nests for the bunny. Boys used their caps to build their nests, which they hid in secluded places. Similarly, the girls used their bonnets to construct the nests and hide them in the gardens for the bunny to place the colored eggs. The children would then summon the rabbit through whistles and charmed recitations to have the eggs. Essentially, the children believed that the Easter bunny was able to distinguish the good children from the bad ones, and only the good children would receive the colored eggs as gifts. Moreover, godparents, who were very common in Canada, would always reward their godchildren with decorated eggs as a symbol of blessings. The Easter egg Religious scholars indicate that the ancient Canadian believers thought that the world was an egg, which broke into two to bring everything that exists. The believers supported their hypothesis by the fact that almost every creature on earth came into being because of some fertilized egg. Therefore, the egg is an immortal symbol that plays a great role in guaranteeing the existence of forthcoming generations (Ternieden, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of Easter Bunny in Canada specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The bunny is believed to have carried the eggs in a basket while distributing the eggs to the obedient children. The basket has a symbolic meaning of life, as it was able to save the life of Moses. Although baskets are not weighty, they are strong enough to carry heavy things that are useful in one way or another. Coloring the eggs was a way of keeping the evil spirits away. Therefore, painting the eggs would always help in convincing the evil spirits to depart from a person and stop bringi ng bad luck. The prettily painted eggs would attract the hallowed spirits that would bring good luck. The common jellybeans in Canada during Easter represent the ancient bunny eggs. Initially, the jellybeans were soft and chewy. However, the manufacturers have added a sugar shell coating on the jellybeans to add flavor. Currently, the jellybeans come in different sizes, colors, and different flavors to meet the demands of the consumers in the contemporary world. Easter in Canada In Canada, the Easter celebrations are highly respected, and the country has a federal statutory holiday during the period. Essentially, the holiday commences on Good Friday and proceeds to Easter Sunday and Easter Monday. Canadians celebrate Easter on the first Sunday after seeing the full moon. The earliest date during which the full moon can appear is 22 March, and the latest date is 25 April. The full moon marks the beginning of Easter where Christians mourn on Good Friday because of the death of Christ, and they celebrate on Easter Sunday as Jesus resurrects. Although people celebrate Christmas more than they celebrate the Easter holidays, strong Christians will always consider Easter as more important than Christmas as Easter proofs that Jesus overcame death. Christians fast for 40 days during the lent period just like Jesus fasted. Satan had the privilege of tempting Jesus, and in the same manner, Christians are tempted to sin and give up on the wearisome lent period. Easter comes after the lent period of prayer, repentance, and fasting. During the lent period, Canadian believers can be tempted to consume banned eggs. Commercialization of the Easter bunny Lately, Canadians have commercialized the Easter holidays. Businesspersons have always identified the Easter Holidays as periods during which they can sell tons of chocolates in the form of Easter eggs and Easter bunnies. Painters also make massive profits by painting egg carvings and selling them during Easter. Jellybeans mold s, baskets, and marshmallow chicks are very popular in retail stores at the commencement of the spring season.Advertising Looking for research paper on canada? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sure enough, the purchases of such items are very high during that season. Some people opt to buy pet bunnies to carry the joy of the Easter bunnies to their homes. Majority of the Canadian parents find fun in purchasing egg paint kits and doing the paintings with their children, while others dye hard-boiled eggs using beet juice. During this period, petting zoos become popular, and children have the opportunity to feed bunnies and play around with them. Interestingly, the Black children experienced some form of segregation, which leads to the creation of the national zoos in Canada. While the White children played the egg roll game while at the White House, the Black children mourned because the White House was a restricted zone for the Black children. The famous national zoos in Canada were built to compensate for the segregations of the black children. Currently, there is numerous jewelry made to resemble the Easter Bunnies and Easter eggs. Sculptures and carvings are common in m any religious buildings across Canada to represent the Easter bunnies. The eggs are carved with names of the beholders, the commemoration dates, and some favorite bible verses. The sculptures have different designs, depending on the desires of the owner. Family get-togethers and massive celebrations during the Easter weekend mark the climax of the Easter bunny holidays in Canada. Families find it worthwhile to reward their relatives with sculptures, carvings, and all kinds of gifts that have some resemblance of the Easter bunnies and eggs. In ancient days, the decorated Easter eggs were presented as gifts to the proprietors, pastors, bell-ringers, lovers, and even to the gravediggers. Therefore, the culture of presenting jellybeans as gifts in the contemporary world has some ancient history. Ancient children felt most appreciated when rewarded with the decorated eggs just as the current children feel great when prized with chocolate jellybeans and rabbits. Interestingly, chocolate r abbits are very common during Easter celebrations in Canada, and the Easter bunny obligates the children to eat the ears first before proceeding to the rest of the body. Commemorates of the Easter bunny Many Canadians strive to employ all strategies to sustain the Easter memories in their children. The commonest hide and seek game plays a great role in commemorating Easter. Mostly, children visit their grandparents to have family get-together moments. At that time, the numerous grandchildren have a good time playing and socializing with one another. On the night before Easter, the parents and the children decorate hard-boiled eggs. Older kids display the skills gained in the previous season, while the young kids learn new skills of decorating the eggs. The children also have the opportunity to listen to tales of the Easter bunnies from their grandparents. When the children have gone to sleep, the â€Å"Easter Bunny† hides the decorated eggs and chocolate eggs all over the com pound. In the morning, children search for the eggs and collect them in a basket. The child who manages to collect more eggs than the others do emerges as the winner. The grandparents would then prepare egg salad sandwiches for their grandchildren before they depart for their homes. The whole scenario brings so much fun to the children who will long for the subsequent Easter holiday. The entire scenario that is very common in Canada keeps the culture ongoing as every generation has an opportunity to have a contemporary overview of the Easter bunny. Some parents who do not have an opportunity to take their children to their grandparents â€Å"roll eggs† with their children. The parents set up the game in a ramp, and they give some few eggs to every child. Every player would have an opportunity to roll the eggs down the ramp. Due to the oval shape of the egg, the eggs roll in a curvy way as they go downwards. The whole aim of the game is hitting another player’s egg and owning it. The child who manages to hit as many eggs as possible emerges as the winner. Moreover, the owner of the last intact egg is guaranteed a championship reward. Essentially, the Canadians associate the egg rolling game with the resurrection of Jesus Christ. They associate the emergence of the rabbit from its burrow with the rising of Christ from the tomb on the Easter Sunday, whereas, the rolling eggs represent the rolling of the stone that covered Jesus’ tomb. Easter bunnies and Easter eggs in the contemporary world In the ancient days, Canadians used dyed and painted hard-boiled chicken eggs during Easter. However, in the contemporary world, people have adopted the custom of substituting chicken eggs with chocolate and plastic eggs. Some Christians dye their Easter eggs with red color to recognize the blood that Jesus Christ shed on the cross. Green decorations represent the new plantations at the onset of spring. An egg painted in white represents purity that is obt ained after the repentance and forgiveness of sins. Yellow is a color that portrays the glowing sunlight that is experienced on the onset of the spring season. Purple-colored eggs symbolize the union of love as people repent with much pain. Essentially, Canadian Christians recognize purple as a royal color, as priests wear purple robes during Easter to display their nobility. For unknown reasons, purple dye was extremely expensive in ancient days. While the other dyes were affordable to ordinary Canadians, only the kings, priests, and the wealthy people could afford to buy the purple dye. Conclusion As evident from the discussions, every happening in the contemporary world has some history. Indeed, every action that Christians do during the Easter celebrations in Canada has some meaning behind it. The rabbits and their symbolic eggs have played a great role in maintaining the Christians’ believes. Moreover, the games associated with the bunny and the eggs play a great role in commemorating Easter and bringing fun to the children. Easter Sunday has always been a joyous celebration in Canada, and the celebration is likely to undergo several evolutions in the forthcoming generations. References Holidays: What do rabbits, chickens, and the moon have in common? Easter. (2014). Canadian Newcomer Magazine. Web. New moon rabbit rescue, Canada: Rabbits for Easter. (2012). Web. Ternieden, J. (2012). Why eggs and bunnies represent Easter. Web.

Leadership and management style in practice king Abdullah of Saudi Essay

Leadership and management style in practice king Abdullah of Saudi Arabia and sir Alex Ferguson - Essay Example This essay discusses that one of the key priorities ‘for all Saudi monarchs in the 20th century has been the modernization of the country’; in the past, the country’s development had faced delays because of the lack of sufficient funds for supporting such initiatives. However, since the appearance of oil as the country’s major product, the improvement of the country’s position in the international community has been continuous; the above trend has been supported by all the country’s governors, including King Abdullah. King Abdullah was appointed as the ruler of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1996; probity was perceived to be one of his key characteristics. It was for this reason that his appointment as the country’s ruler was believed to help towards the update of the country’s practices in the international relations arena. More specifically, up to the appointment of King Abdullah as the ruler of Saudi Arabia, the kingdomâ€℠¢s policy in regard to its relations with the neighboring countries was strongly influenced by the views of the American governments on this field. Reference is made specifically to the development of efforts for ‘establishing peace with Israel by setting the term for the withdrawal of Israel from all territories occupied since 1967’. King Abdullah was the one who first doubted the effectiveness of such policy, criticizing the lack by American governments of sufficient monitoring and review of the relevant plan.  ... King Abdullah was appointed as the ruler of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1996; probity was perceived to be one of his key characteristics (The New York Times, 2010). It was for this reason that his appointment as the country’s ruler was believed to help towards the update of the country’s practices in the international relations arena. More specifically, up to the appointment of king Abdullah as the ruler of Saudi Arabia, the kingdom’s policy in regard to its relations with the neigbouring countries was strongly influenced by the views of the American governments on this field. Reference is made specifically to the development of efforts for ‘establishing piece with Israel by setting the term for the withdrawal of Israel from all territories occupied since 1967’ (The New York Times 2010). King Abdullah was the one who first doubted the effectiveness of such policy, criticizing the lack by American governments of sufficient monitoring and review of the relevant plan (The New York Times 2010). In this way, the ability of King Abdullah to use his power for enforcing the role of his country within the international community was made clear. Another important challenge that the King Abdullah had to face was the control of the negative criticism towards Saudi Arabia after the events of the September the 11th – where ’15 of the 19 hijackers were Saudis’ (The New York Times 2010). The king had to establish a series of measures for improving the image of Saudi Arabia globally – which was severely harmed because of the practice of Saudi governors in the past to show tolerance to the development of extremism across the country (The New York Times 2010). In other words, the key advantage of king Abdullah compared to the country’s governors in the past

Summary of Shane Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summary of Shane - Essay Example Initially Shane appears to be strange and dangerous to the narrator Bob Starett. When he appears in the city, he wears a â€Å"black hat, boots and a belt†. His dress was a bit different from the rest of the people. Shane’s dresses, composed face and mighty stature are strange enough to grow Bob Starett’s curiosity and fear. Yet Shane is not dangerous. Rather he proves to be helpful to the Starett family, as Joe Starett comments in this regard, â€Å"He's dangerous alright. But not to us, my dear†¦In fact, I don't think you ever had a safer man in your house.† (Schaeffer 23) Indeed Shane possesses a sense of respect for himself and for others. Because of this sense of self-respect and respect for others, he appears to be lovable to the Staretts. He is a hardworking man who will prove his worth by helping the family in need. He is supposed to find a man’s self-respect and value in works. He stays on Joe’s farm with a view to helping him i n the oncoming winter. He decides to help Joe because he finds that Joe needs not only help in his farm-works but also protection from other farmers who are trying occupying his land. Thus Shane involves into conflict with Fletcher an aggressive rancher who wants to buy Joe’s land in order to expand his ranch. One day, Shane goes to the town-market to repair their pitchfork. On the way, he meets Chris, one of Fletcher’s men, who attempts to provoke Shane to fight. But Shane remains as calm and cool as possible. He makes fun of how the poor farmers like Shane drink Soda and Shane smells like a pig. From that day, they become a laughing stock around the town. Joe and other farmers who refuse to sell their lands to Fletcher are being taunted by Fletcher’s people. Then, with a view to amend the situation, Shane reaches the town market into town and finds out Chris who invites him to a bar fight and gets beaten severely by Shane. Thus Shane becomes an indispensable p art of Joe’s survival struggle by his manliness and courage to confront injustice. Joe and Shane together wither anything wrong –the weeds, the large stump, Fletcher’s greed, etc- from Joe’s land. Obviously the aura of strength, honesty and courage that surround Shane influences Bobby’s psychological growth. Even before reaching their house along with the homesteader, Bobby grows a strong relationship with Shane. He becomes fascinated by Shane’s strong stature, the way he rode on his horse, the courage Shane shows while facing injustice, etc. He finds Shane a role model, of whom every action can inspire him. Shane also shows respect to the young boy. He tried to guide him about how to survive in a world which is full of adversaries. For Bob, Shane is not only a protector and a defense of the weak against the injustice, but also an experienced teacher who opens up the world of experience to the innocent boy. In this regard the narrator commen ts: â€Å"He was a man like father in whom a boy could believe in the simple knowing that what was beyond comprehension was still clean and solid and right† (Schaeffer 79). Bob takes him both as a man and a hero. Despite the heroic aura, Shane establishes himself as a usual man who can grow relationships with other men. Throughout the progress of the novel Bon learns that Shane is the man whom he should follow. Indeed Bob’s growth to maturity is greatly influenced by Shane and his father Joe. In fact, Shane’